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EC number: 947-855-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- See Read-across justification document attached in section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The target substance contains between 45 and 86% water.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on the pure substance
- Remarks:
- As the target substance is an aqueous solution with 45 to 86% water, this value needs to be multiplied by at least a factor of 1.8
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results with the source test substance and on the supporting results from the SIDS of citric acid and ammonium sulfate, the pure target substance ammonium dihydrogen citrate can be considered not to be acutely toxic to fish at concentrations of 32 mg/L and higher. As the target substance is an aqueous solution with 45 to 86% water, this value needs to be multiplied at least by a factor of 1.8. This result is acceptable to be used for the short-term freshwater toxicity endpoint as the source substance was tested in marine species and according to the SIDS, it was shown that marine species tended to be more sensitive to ammonium sulfate than freshwater species.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 6-10 June 2006
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- No analytical support was available. For justification, see "overall remarks"
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The OECD 203 was adapted by OSPARCOM (ref nummer 1995-7) for marine testing of offshore chemicals. No further information was provided.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Soluble in seawater
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- see "overall remarks"
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: directly added (at 0 h, 0.098 g and at 48h, 0.09607 g were added to 3000 mL treated seawater).
- Controls: seawater - Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinodon variegatus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Sheepshead minnow
- Source: reared and maintained at Opus Plus Ltd.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 81 days old
- Length at study initiation: 1.51 - 2.17 cm
- weight of control fish: 0.104 - 0.278 g
- Method of breeding: Sheepshead minnow were held under semi-static conditions in 50 litre capacity glass tanks, containing 1 μm filtered ultra-violet treated seawater and supplied with gentle aeration. Water quality measurements and mortality observations were conducted daily and fed food in flake form ad libitum at least twice daily.
FEEDING DURING TEST
Not indcated. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- No information
- Test temperature:
- 19.1 - 21.9 ºC
- pH:
- 8.01 - 8.14 in the control
7.87 - 8.09 in test substance concentrations - Dissolved oxygen:
- 99 - 100%
- Salinity:
- 36 - 37 ‰
- Conductivity:
- No information
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentration: 32 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 10 L capacity glass tanks, containing 3 L of test media.
- Aeration: gentle aeration was supplied
- Renewal rate of test solution: replacement of media after 48h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.515 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source of seawater: Natural local seawater is pumped to holding tanks from Scapa Flow, Orkney.
The treatment process was: sand filtered to remove particulate, filtered to 1μm, heated to 16 ºC, UV treated, degassed and held at a quantity of 3000 to 5000 litres. The water is constantly pumped through the system and trickle replenished as the water is used.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: constant illumination
- Light intensity: no information
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Measurement of water quality (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and conductivity or salinity) are carried out at each concentration prior to and following each renewal of media. The condition of test animals were monitored at 24h intervals
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
The test concentration is based on the NOEC of the most sensitive species between Skeletonema costatum and Acartia tonsa by the test material. The algal species was noted to be the more sensitive from the allied studies. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: see validity of results
- Details on results:
- - Observations on body length and weight: no information
- Mortality of control: no mortality
- No mortality was observed throughout the test duration - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Mortalities were determined in each vessel every 24h period. The number of dead organisms were expressed as a proportion of the total number exposed. Where sufficient response was observed for Rangefinding and definitive tests, the 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h LC50 values, 96h LC90 and 96h NOEC values were calculated from the proportional response data using an appropriate method (ToxCalc V5, Tidepool Scientific Software).
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Validity of the test:
- the mortality in the controls was 0% (and thus < 10%)
- constant conditions were maintained throughout the test and semi-static procedures were used.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration was 99 -100% (and thus > 60%) throughout the test.
- there is no evidence that the concentration of the test substance was satisfactorily maintained. However, intrinsic properties of the test substance indicate that the test substance concentrations over the 48 hours are not expected to change (see overall remarks).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Ammonium Citrate Dibasic exhibited no effect at 32 mg/L after 96h (direct addition) to the marine fish Cyprinodon variegatus in the water phase.
- Executive summary:
In a 96 -h acute toxicity study conducted according to OECD guideline 203 with adaptations by OSPARCOM for marine testing of offshore chemicals and GLP principles, sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) were exposed to the test substance under semi-static conditions (renewals at 48 h) at the nominal concentration of 32 mg/L and a blank seawater control (10 fish per vessel).
Exposure concentrations were not analytically verified but this was considered not to invalidate the study. No mortality was observed and thus the 96h-LC50 was > 32 mg/L based on nominal concentrations, The study is considered to be reliable with restrictions.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Test organisms (species):
- Salmo sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: juvenile Salmo gairdneri
Also other species were sited in the SIDS, but only the lowest result was reported in this summary. - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 12.4 - 12.5 ºC
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 173 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- expressed in (NH4)2SO4 concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Thurston and Russo, 1983
- Details on results:
- For freshwater species, the lowest LC50 (96 h) value of ca. 173 mg/L is observed for juvenile Salmo gairdneri in a flow through test carried out at 12.4 to 12.5 °C (Thurston and Russo, 1983).
A lower LC50 value (10 days) of 27 mg/L is observed for one or two day post hatch larvae of the warm water marine species Sciaenops ocellatus, at temperatures of 25 to 26 °C and an ambient pH of 8.0 to 8.2, also in a flow through test (Holt and Arnold, 1983). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- According to the SIDS of Ammonium sulfate, the lowest LC50 (96 h) value of ca. 173 mg (NH4)2SO4/L is observed for juvenile freshwater species Salmo gairdneri in a flow through test carried out at 12.4 to 12.5 °C (Thurston and Russo, 1983).
Results on marine species indicate a higher sensitivity than freshwater species. - Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Test organisms (species):
- other: several freshwater species were used
- Details on test organisms:
- Carassius auratus, goldfish (freshwater)
Leuciscus idus, golden orfe (freshwater)
Lepomis macrochirus, bluegill (freshwater) - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 625 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Carassius auratus, goldfish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 760 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Carassius auratus, goldfish
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 440 - 760 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Leuciscus idus, golden orfe
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 516 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lepomis macrochirus, bluegil
- Details on results:
- Fish:
Carassius auratus, goldfish: “long-time exposure in hard water”, exposure period and method not stated
Leuciscus idus, golden orfe: “solution was not neutralised”, method not stated
Lepomis macrochirus, bluegill: method not stated - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In freshwater, citric acid appears to be of low toxicity to fish with consistent LC50 values of several hundred milligrams per litre.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Based on the results with the source test substance and on the supporting results from the SIDS of citric acid and ammonium sulfate, the substance ammonium dihydrogen citrate can be considered not to be acutely toxic to fish at concentrations of 32 mg/L and higher. The 96h-LC50 > 32 mg/L. As the target substance is an aqueous solution with 45 to 86% water, this value needs to be multiplied at least by a factor of 1.8.
As the source substance was tested in marine species and according to the SIDS, it was shown that marine species tended to be more sensitive to ammonium sulfate than freshwater species, the result from the saltwater species is considered as worst-case value for the short-term freshwater fish toxicity endpoint.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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