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EC number: 801-282-5 | CAS number: 1034343-98-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 Sep 2019 to 11 Nov 2019
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- OECD. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, 203 Fish Acute Toxicity Test [S]. Paris: OECD, Adopted June 18, 2019.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - measurements for chlorine and nitrate and ammonium in the test water are missing - measured values for aluminium, copper, iron and zinc above the thresholds in annex 3
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Chemical Registration Center of MEP. The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Effects on Biotic Systems, 203 Fish Acute toxicity test [M]. Second Edition. Beijing: China Environmental Press. 2013: 30-36
- Version / remarks:
- Chemical Registration Center of MEP. The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, effects on Biotic Systems, 203 Fish Acute toxicity test [M]. Second Edition. Beijing: China Environmental Press. 2013: 30-36.
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: China National Technical Committee for Standardization of Dangerous Chemicals Management. GB/T 29763-2013, Chemicals-Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rams) acute toxicity test [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2013
- Version / remarks:
- China National Technical Committee for Standardization of Dangerous Chemicals Management. GB/T 29763-2013, Chernicals-Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rams) acute toxicity test [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2013.
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: China National Technical Committee for Standardization of Dangerous Chemicals Management. GB/T 27861-2011, Chemicals Fish Acute toxicity test [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2012.
- Version / remarks:
- China National Technical Committee for Standardization of Dangerous Chemicals Management. GB/T 27861-2011, Chemicals Fish Acute toxicity test [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2012.
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no certificate included in report
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- TOC analysis
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 100 mg/L and blank control
- Sampling method: The test solution of all groups were filtered through 0.45 µm aqueous phase polyether sulfone (PES) filter membrane (the first 5 mL - 10 mL filtrate was discarded) before analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples were analyzed immediately, if not, the samples were stored at -20°C ~ -25°C, and the measurement was carried out within 7 d. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
Test substance is poorly soluble in test water, so according to “Guidance Document on Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals” (OECD number 23 Second Edition, February 8, 2019) and “Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Sparingly Soluble, Volatile and Unstable Substances” (ECETOC Monograph No. 26 1996), the limit test was conducted by method of preparing water soluble fraction as test solution. The specific preparation for test solution was as follows:
0.500 g test substance was weighed into a flask and mixed with small amount of test water. After ultrasonic treatment for 15 min, the mixture was transferred into a 5 L-vessel and diluted with test water to 5000 mL to obtain the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L test suspension. The suspension was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for about 48 hours. After stirring, the test suspension was filtered through 0.45 µm PES filter membrane and discarded insoluble parts. Thus, the nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L WSF was obtained and used as test solution.
- Controls: A blank control (test water without test substance) was tested in parallel.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): Test solutions of the blank control and the 100 mg/L WSF test group were observed to be clear and colorless. - Test organisms (species):
- other: Gobiocypris rarus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rare Minnow
- Source: Reproduction by the test laboratory
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): total length 29.00 +/- 1.97 mm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.161 +/- 0.031 g
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 270 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: on each workday until 24 hours before the test was started
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): The mortality was 0% during the 7 days prior to the start of the test, which met the requirement of mortalities being less than 5% of the population.
FEEDING DURING TEST
The fish were not fed during the exposure period. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- no details given
- Post exposure observation period:
- no details given
- Hardness:
- 115 mg/l CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22.8 to 23.3°C
- pH:
- 7.87 to 8.38 pH during test
8.21 pH of test water - Dissolved oxygen:
- 68% to 99% of air saturation value
- Salinity:
- no details given
- Conductivity:
- no details given
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 100 mg/L
measured: not given - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquaria
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Aeration: no aeration during exposure
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Semi-static test, with renewals at 24 h intervals
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7 fish / test vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.235 g fish / L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water dechlorinated
- Total organic carbon: 1.32 mg/L
- Particulate matter: < 4 mg/L
- Metals: Al = 55.5 ug/L, Cu = 1.25 ug/L, Fe = 3.46 pg/L, Zn = 37.4 ug/L
- Alkalinity: pH 8.21
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 14 h light / 10 h darkness
- Light intensity: The average illumination intensity of the test environment at the beginning and end of the test was respectively 808 lux and 776 lux.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mortalities and visible abnormalities of the test fish were recorded at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after the start of the test during test period.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- A sensitivity test with the reference substance K2Cr2O7 (performed on February 25, 2019) showed that the 96h-LC50 of K2Cr2O7 to Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rams) was 193 mg/L and the 95% confidence limits ranged from 152 mg/L to 244 mg/L.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- WSF
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL100
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- WSF
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- WSF
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Observations on body length and weight: The average and standard deviation of body weight and total length of 7 test fish were 0.161 g +/- 0.031 g and 29.00 mm +/- 1.97 mm, respectively. So loading rate of fish in the test was 0.235 g fish/L met the requirement of =< 1.0 g fish / L and total length was within the range of 30 mm +/- 10 mm.
- Mortality of control: At the end of the test, the cumulative mortality of the blank control was 0%, which met the validity criterion that the mortality should not exceed 10%.
- Abnormal responses: No abnormal responses of test fish were observed in the blank control and the 100 mg/L WSF test group. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no details given
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Due to the lack of effects and the performance of a limit test, a statistical analysis was not necessary for the result evaluation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of test substance to Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was determined according to OECD 203 under GLP in a limit test with nominal loading rate 100 mg/L under semi-static conditions (24 h intervals for medium renewal). For analytical determination of the treatment total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was used. The measurement results of the treatment lay in the same range as the results for the blank control, therefore no measured concentration for the treatment could be calculated.
At the end of the test, the cumulative mortality in the treatment 100 mg/L was 0%. Hence, the results for the 96 h median lethal loading rate (LL50), the lowest loading rate causing 100% mortality (LL100), and the highest loading rate causing 0% mortality (LL0) were described based on the nominal loading rate of the test substance (100 mg/L). The test results are given as below:
96 h-LL50 > 100 mg/L (based on the nominal loading rate)
96 h-LL100 > 100 mg/L (based on the nominal loading rate)
96 h-LL0 ≥ 100 mg/L (based on the nominal loading rate) - Executive summary:
Study design
In the present study the acute toxicity of the test substance to Gobiocypris rarus was determined by a semi-static limit test according to OECD TG 203 under GLP criteria.
0.500 g of the test substance were mixed with a small amount of test water, ultrasonicated and then diluted in 5000 mL test water to prepare a stock suspension with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. The suspension was stirred for about 48 hours, after stirring, the test suspension was filtered through 0.45 µm PES filter membrane to discard insoluble parts. The test duration was 96h.
Results
No mortality occurred in the control during the test and the dissolved oxygen concentration was greater than 60.0 % of the air saturation value (ASV) throughout the test duration. Hence, the test was considered to be valid.
During the test, the measured concentrations of the test substance were determined by TOC analysis, but the results of treatment and blank control were similar. The 96h LL50value for the test substance to Gobiocypris rarus was based on nominal loading rate and stated as >100 mg/L. The maximum loading rate causing no mortality and the minimum loading rate causing 100 percent mortality within the period of the test were stated with ≥ 100 mg/L and > 100 mg/L, respectively.
Conclusion
96 h-LL50 > 100 mg/L (based on the nominal loading rate)
Reference
Description of key information
The short-term toxicity of the test item graphene towards fish was assessed in a semi-static test according to OECD TG 203 under GLP: Gobiocypris rarus LL50(96h) > 100 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
In the present study the acute toxicity of the test substance to Gobiocypris rarus was determined by a semi-static limit test according to OECD TG 203 under GLP criteria.
0.500 g of the test substance were mixed with a small amount of test water, ultrasonicated and then diluted in 5000 mL test water to prepare a stock suspension with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. The suspension was stirred for about 48 hours, after stirring, the test suspension was filtered through 0.45 µm PES filter membrane to discard insoluble parts. The test duration was 96h.
No mortality occurred in the control during the test and the dissolved oxygen concentration was greater than 60.0 % of the air saturation value (ASV) throughout the test duration. Hence, the test was considered to be valid.
During the test, the measured concentrations of the test substance were determined by TOC analysis, but the results of treatment and blank control were similar. The 96h LL50value for the test substance to Gobiocypris rarus was based on nominal loading rate and stated as >100 mg/L. The maximum loading rate causing no mortality and the minimum loading rate causing 100 percent mortality within the period of the test were stated with ≥ 100 mg/L and > 100 mg/L, respectively.
96 h-LL50 > 100 mg/L (based on the nominal loading rate)
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