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EC number: 204-898-7 | CAS number: 128-60-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: read across from similar substance
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 16,17-dimethoxyviolanthrene-5,10-dione
- EC Number:
- 204-896-6
- EC Name:
- 16,17-dimethoxyviolanthrene-5,10-dione
- Cas Number:
- 128-58-5
- Molecular formula:
- C36H20O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 16,17-dimethoxyanthra[9,1,2-cde]benzo[rst]pentaphene-5,10-dione
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Limit concentration
Based on the results of a non-GLP preliminary range finding test, a saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 5.00 mg/L of the test item was tested.
Preparation of the saturated solution
The saturated solution (5.00 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with dilution water one day before the start of the exposure (at -24 hours). The test item was mixed with the dilution water by constant stirring with a magnetic stirrer at approximately 1100 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature. After completion of stirring, undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.2 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 10 minutes to allow for adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following filtrate, i.e. the saturated solution, was used as a limit concentration in the test. During filtration, the filter was always kept covered.
Control
Dilution water without test item incubated under the same conditions as the test group
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Test system
Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
Reason for the selectionof the test system
Daphnia magna is the preferred species in accordance with the
test guideline and is bred at the test facility.
Origin
Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu),
14195 Berlin, Germany
Breeder
Noack Laboratorien GmbH,
Käthe-Paulus-Str. 1, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
Culture
In glass vessels (2 - 3 L capacity) with approximately 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 2 °C, in an incubator, 16 hours illumination; light intensity of max. 1500 lx
Culture medium
Elendt M4, according to OECD 202, Annex 3 (2004), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L, is used.
Culture feeding
The culture daphnids were fed at least 5 times per week ad libitum with a mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL. The algae were cultured at the test facility.
Origin of the food algae
Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG),
Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Total hardness [mg CaCO3/L] 2016-10-04: 177
- Test temperature:
- 2016-10-04: 20.0 °C
- pH:
- Water Quality Parameters at the Start of the Exposure (0 hours)
(measured in one additional replicate of the saturated solution and the control)
Nominal test item concentration
[mg/L] pH-value Dissolved O2 concentration [mg/L]
5.00* 7.58 3.58
Control 7.71 8.18
* = saturated solution
Water Quality Parameters at the End of the Exposure (48 hours)
(measured in all replicates of the saturated solution and the control)
Nominal
test item concentration
[mg/L] pH-values Dissolved O2 concentration [mg/L]]
Replicates Replicates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
5.00* 7.48 7.48 7.47 7.48 7.20 7.07 7.31 7.11
Control 7.44 7.51 7.50 7.51 7.90 7.33 7.92 7.88
* = saturated solution - Dissolved oxygen:
- see above
- Conductivity:
- 2016-10-04 [µS/cm] : 489
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No analytical monitoring performed.
- Details on test conditions:
- Test method
The study was performed with a static test design.
Test duration
48 hours
Test vessels
Glass beakers (4 (ID) x 7 (H) cm), 50 mL capacity, loosely covered with watch glasses
Test volume
20 mL in each test replicate (see ‘Application’)
Dilution water
Same as culture medium
Number of daphnids and replicates
20 daphnids, divided into 4 replicates, each with 5 daphnids, were used for the saturated solution and the control.
Age of the daphnids
Less than 24 hours old daphnids from a healthy stock were used for at the start of the exposure the study. Juvenile daphnids were removed from the culture vessels at the latest 24 hours before the start of the exposure and discarded. The juveniles born within the following period of max. 24 hours preceding the exposure were used for the test. No first brood progeny was used for the test.
Acclimatization
Acclimatization of the daphnids was not necessary, because the dilution water was equivalent to the culture medium.
Application
20 g test solution per replicate was weighed out into each test vessel. This corresponds to 20 mL per test vessel. The daphnids were inserted with a small amount of dilution water by a pipette.
Test temperature (target)
18 - 22 °C, constant within ± 1 °C
Illumination (target)
Diffuse light, light intensity of max. 1500 lx
Photoperiod (target)
16/8 hours light/dark cycle
Feeding
The daphnids were not fed during the study. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC 10/50/100
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC 10/50/100
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The percentage of immobility for the reference item was determined after 24 hours. The EC50-value with 95% confidence limits (CI) was calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The EC50-value for the most recent of the monthly performed reference tests was:
EC50: 2.03 mg/L (Cl: 1.17 - 3.63 mg/L)
The EC50-value of the reference item potassium dichromate after 24 hours is within the required concentration range of 0.6 - 2.4 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS P 9/2 (02/2000) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Methods of evaluation
The effects of the saturated solution were empirically derived from the observation data.
All effect levels (EC10 / 50 / 100) given were based on the nominal test item concentration, since analytical monitoring was not possible.
EC-values and statistical analyses for reference item
An EC50-value was calculated only for the reference item by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The respective 95% confidence limits were calculated from the standard error and the t-distribution. All calculations were carried out from the best-fit values with the software GraphPad Prism5.
Software
All data were computer-processed and rounded for presentation. Consequently, minor variations may occur from the original figures if manual calculations based on the original figures are made subsequently. Calculations were made using the following software:
- GraphPad Prism5, GRAPHPAD SOFTWARE, INC.
- Excel, MICROSOFT CORPORATION
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results of the Definitive Test
The percentage of immobility, determined in the saturated solution and in the control after 24 and 48 hours under static conditions, is given inTable4.
Immobilization Ratesafter 24 and 48 hours ofExposure in the Definitive Test
(n = 20, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each)
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
IMMOBILIZATION [%] |
|||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
|
5.00* |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
* = saturated solution
The saturated solution was colorless and visually clear during the exposure period.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In the saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 5.00 mg/L of the test item, no effects on Daphnia magna were observed. The 48-h EC50 is > 5.00 mg/L. the tested substance has no toxic effect on daphnids.
- Executive summary:
In the acute immobilization test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of a saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 5.00 mg/L of the test item were determined at the test facility according to OECD 202 (2004) from 2016‑10‑03 to 2016-10-06, with the definitive exposure phase from 2016-10-04 to 2016‑10-06.
The limit test was conducted under static conditions over a period of 48 hours.The saturated solution was colorless and visually clear during the exposure period.Twenty daphnids, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each, were exposed to the saturated solution and the control.
No analytical monitoring was performed during the test period in agreement with the sponsor, since no suitable method for the determination of test item could be established. Exposures are expressed in terms of the nominal concentration of the test item.
EC10 / 50 / 100-Values (based on the nominal concentration of the test item)
Effect values
Test
duration
[h]
Nominal test item concentration
[mg/L]
EC10 / 50 / 100
24
> 5.00
48
> 5.00
In the saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 5.00 mg/L of the test item, no effects on Daphnia magna were observed.
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