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EC number: 627-580-3 | CAS number: 53617-35-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05 Nov - 01 Dec 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom, London, UK
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-(piperidin-4-yl)morpholine
- EC Number:
- 627-580-3
- Cas Number:
- 53617-35-9
- Molecular formula:
- C9H18N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-(piperidin-4-yl)morpholine
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control, 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Water samples were taken from the control and the 100 mg/L test vessel at 0 and 72 h from fresh media and at 24 and 96 h from old media for quantitative analysis. Duplicate samples at 24 (fresh media), 48 (old and fresh media) and 72 h (old media) were taken and stored frozen for further analysis if necessary.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples were stored frozen prior to analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A nominal amount of test item (2000 mg) was dissolved in test water and the volume adjusted to 20 L to give the 100 mg/L test concentration. After pH adjustment, the prepared concentration was stirred with a flat bladed mixer to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity.
- Controls: Yes, the control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item.
- Evidence of undissolved material: No, at the start and throughout the test all control and test solutions were observed to be clear colorless solutions.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: rainbow trout
- Source: Brow Well Fisheries Limited, Hebden, UK.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): juvenile
- Length at study initiation: 5 cm, S.D. = 0.2
- Weight at study initiation: 1.2 g, S.D. = 0.1
- Maintenance of the brood fish: Fish were maintained in-house since 06 Nov 2015 in a glass fiber tank with a "single pass" water renewal system.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 15 - 23 Nov 2015
- Acclimation conditions: Same as test: 16 h ligh and 8 h darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. The water temperature was 13 °C with a dissolved oxygen content of greater than or equal to 9.4 mg O2/L.
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: Commercial trout pellets.
- Health during acclimation: There was no mortality during the 7 d prior to the start of the test.
FEEDING DURING TEST
Feeding was discontinued approximately 24 h prior to the start of the definitive test. The fish received no food during exposure.
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 140 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 13 - 14 °C
- pH:
- control: 7.7 - 8.1
treatment: 7.7 - 8.0 - Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥ 9.4 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 100 mg/L (nominal)
< LOQ, 102 - 109 mg/L (measured in old and fresh media) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: exposure vessels
- Type: covered
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Material: glass; Size: 25 - 30 L; Fill volume: 20 L, Headspace: 5 - 10 L
- Aeration: The test vessels were aerated via narrow bore glass tubes.
- Renewal rate of test solution: A daily renewal of the test preparations was employed to prevent the build up of nitrogenous waste products.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.42 g bodyweight/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Laboratory tap water was dechlorinated by passage through an activated carbon filter (Purite Series 500) and partly softened (Elga Nimbus 1248D Duplex Water Softener) giving water with a total hardness of approximately 140 mg/L as CaCO3. After dechlorination and softening the water was passed through a series of computer controlled plate heat exchangers to achieve the required temperature.
- Total organic carbon: 0.996 mg/L
- Chlorine: 0.248 mg/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: The test water used for both the range-finding and definitive tests was the same as that used to maintain the stock fish.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations were recorded daily throughout the test. The measurements at 0 h, and after each test media renewal at 24, 48, and 72 h, represent those of the freshly prepared test preparations while the measurements taken prior to each test media renewal, and on termination of the test after 96 h, represent those of the used or 24-h old test preparations.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the 100 mg/L test preparations were recorded at 9.6 to 9.7 at each media renewal period and then adjusted to match the pH of the control using hydrochloric acid.
- Photoperiod: 16 h light and 8 h darkness with 20 min dawn and dusk transition periods.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Mortality and sub-lethal effects of exposure were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the start of exposure.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: A limit test at 100 mg/L (nominal) was performed. It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 100 mg/L.
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted at a concentration of 100 mg/L to confirm that at the maximum concentration given no mortalities or sub-lethal effects of exposure were observed. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: There were no sub-lethal effects of exposure observed in the seven fish exposed to the limit concentration of 100 mg/L (nominal) for 96 h.
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Other adverse effects control: None of the control fish showed signs of stress during the test. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- An estimate of the LC50 values was given by inspection of the mortality data.
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Analysis of the test preparations at 0, 24, 72 and 96 h showed measured test concentrations to be near nominal and so it was considered justifiable to estimate the LC50 values in terms of the nominal test concentration only. Chemical analysis of the fresh (at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h) and old (at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h) test preparations indicated that the test item was stable under test conditions (Table 1).
Table 1. Water Quality Measurements.
Nominal concentration
(mg/L)
Time (h)
0 h (fresh media)
24 h (old media)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
Control
7.7
10.5
13
7.9
9.7
14
100
7.7
10.4
13
7.9
9.6
14
Nominal concentration
(mg/L)
Time (h)
24 h (fresh media)
48 h (old media)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
Control
7.7
10.2
13
8.1
9.8
14
100
7.8
10.4
13
7.9
9.3
14
Nominal concentration
(mg/L)
Time (h)
48 h (fresh media)
72 h (old media)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
Control
7.7
10.3
13
7.9
9.8
14
100
7.7
10.3
13
8.0
9.9
14
Nominal concentration
(mg/L)
Time (h)
72 h (fresh media)
96 h (old media)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
pH
mg O2/L
T (°C)
Control
7.7
10.2
13
7.9
9.9
14
100
7.7
10.3
13
7.8
9.6
14
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
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