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EC number: 204-479-9 | CAS number: 121-54-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September - October 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Identity: LZ1442.3, Benzethonium chloride
- Chemical name: Benzethonium chloride
- Appearance: White powder
- Storage conditions: Room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: stable for min. 3 years from manufacturing date
- Batch No.: OC0509
- Expiry date: 7 June2002
- Purity: Responsibility of sponsor
- Date received: 20 August 2001
- Safety precautions: Routine safety precautions (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses, face mask) for unknown materials were applied to assure personnel health and safety. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At the start of the definitive test, two samples (20 ml) were taken from the freshly-prepared control and test media remaining in the preparation flasks; after 72 hours, the contents of the replicate flasks for each group were pooled and further samples taken for analysis. On each occasion, one of the samples was analysed immediately and the other was stored in a refrigerator in case further analysis was required.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance (10 mg) was dissolved in culture medium (100 ml) in a volumetric flask. The contents of the flask were shaken vigorously and then serially diluted to provide the test media. An aliquot (3.38 ml) of algal inoculum was added to the test medium (500 ml) at each concentration to give an initial cell density of 1 x 10E04 cells/ml. The required volume (100 ml) of the appropriate inoculated test medium was added to each flask. The definitive test concentrations, selected based on the results of the rangefinding test, were 0.0427, 0.0939, 0.207, 0.455 and 1 mg/l as nominal concentrations.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Source:
Axenic, uni-cellular, aqueous slope cultures of algae were obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Cumbria, UK and arrived on 27 July 2001.
Pre-culture:
The aqueous slope cultures were stored in an illuminated refrigerator. Sterile algal nutrient medium (Appendix 1) was inoculated with cells aseptically removed from the slope culture; these primary liquid cultures (100 ml) were incubated for approximately three days in an orbital incubator under continuous illumination at nominal temperatures in the range 21 to 25°C. Subsequently, appropriate volumes of these primary cultures were aseptically transferred to fresh sterile algal nutrient medium to prepare secondary liquid cultures; these cultures were incubated, as stated above, for a further three days to provide an inoculum in the log phase of growth, characterised by a cell density of 1.5 x 10E06 cells/mi. Aliquots of this culture were used in the study. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- not measured
- Test temperature:
- The temperature of the incubator ranged between 22.9 and 23. 7°C.
- pH:
- The pH-value ranged between 6.6 and 10.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not measured
- Salinity:
- freshwater used
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The definitive test concentrations, selected based on the results of the rangefinding test, were: nominal concentrations of 0.0427, 0.0939, 0.207, 0.455 and 1 mg/l. At the start of the test, at 0.207 to 1 mg/l the measured levels of Benzethoniumchloride in samples of the test cultures ranged between 85 and 92% of their nominal values. At the two lowest concentrations, 0.0427 and 0.0939 mg/l, measured levels were close to or below the limit of quantification of the analytical method; estimates of measured concentrations were between 51 and 52 % of their nominal values. After 72 hours, the measured levels were lower, ranging between 42 and 64% of their nominal values. The decreases in the measured levels after 72 hours were thought to be due to the presence of algal cells; losses being greater where cell growth was highest. The overall
geometric mean measured levels of Benzethoniumchloride were 0.0184, 0.0380, 0.124, 0.318 and 0.766 mg/l. - Details on test conditions:
- Environmental conditions
Conical flasks (250 ml) each containing 100 ml of control or test culture were placed in an illuminated orbital incubator according to a random number sequence. The cultures were incubated, without renewal of medium for 72 hours under continuous illumination of approximately 6650 lux provided by 6 x 30 W "cool white" 1 metre fluorescent tubes. The temperature was maintained at 23 ±2°C. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95% confidence limits 0.038 and 0.124 mg/l)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.038 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- (95% confidence limits 0.23 and 0.38 mg/l)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.124 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The results of the most recent laboratory reference test using potassium dichromate indicated that its 72-hour EbC50 to Selenastrum capricomutum was 0.75 mg/l; this was within the range typically obtained in this laboratory (0.3 to 1 mg/l}.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Dunnett's multicomparison test
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50-values to Selenastrum Capricornutum were found to be EbC50 (72h): 0.12 mg/l (area under the growth curve (biomass)) and ErC50 (0 -72 h): 0.30 mg/l (average specific growth rate). The corresponding NOEC's were: NOEbC (72h): 0.038 mg/l and NOErC (0 -72h): 0.124 mg/l
- Executive summary:
The effect of Benzethoniumchloride on the growth of the unicellular green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was assessed under non-axenic conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with EC Method 3 "Algal Inhibition Test" and the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 201 "Alga, Growth Inhibition Test". Triplicate algal cultures, with an initial cell density of 1 x 104/ml, were exposed to the test item dispersed in algal nutrient medium at nominal concentrations of 0.0427, 0.0939, 0.207, 0.455 and 1 mg/l. The cultures were incubated in an orbital incubator under continuous illumination at temperatures ranging from 22.9 to 23.7°C for 72 hours. At the start of the test, at 0.207 to 1 mg/l the measured levels of Benzethoniumchloride in samples of the test cultures ranged between 85 and 92% of their nominal values. At the two lowest
concentrations, 0.0427 and 0.0939 mg/l, measured levels were close to or below the limit of quantification of the analytical method; estimates of measured concentrations were between 51 and 52 % of their nominal values. After 72 hours, the measured levels were lower, ranging between 42 and 64% of their nominal values. The decreases in the measured levels after 72 hours were thought to be due to the presence of algal cells; losses being greater where cell growth was highest. The overall geometric mean measured levels of Benzethoniumchloride were 0.0184, 0.0380, 0.124, 0.318 and 0.766 mg/l. The test results are expressed in terms of measured concentrations as area under the growth curve (biomass) and growth rate. The following values were derived from the data:
Area under the growth curve (biomass):
- EbC50 (72h): 0.12 mg/l
- NOEbC (72h): 0.038 mg/l
Average specific growth rate:
- ErC50 (0 -72 h): 0.30 mg/l
- NOErC (0 -72h): 0.124 mg/l
Reference
Description of key information
The effect of Benzethoniumchloride on the growth of the unicellular green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was assessed under non-axenic conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with EC Method 3 "Algal Inhibition Test" and the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 201 "Alga, Growth Inhibition Test". The EC50-values to Selenastrum Capricornutum were found to be EbC50 (72h): 0.12 mg/l (area under the growth curve (biomass)) and ErC50 (0 -72 h): 0.30 mg/l (average specific growth rate). The corresponding NOEC's were: NOEbC (72h): 0.038 mg/l and NOErC (0 -72h): 0.124 mg/l
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.12 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.038 mg/L
Additional information
Source: GLP-report
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