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EC number: 239-364-2 | CAS number: 15336-18-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Ammonium hexachlororhodate was mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 when tested in the presence and absence of a rat liver metabolic activation system (Bunger et al., 1996).
Evidence of DNA damage was observed when triammonium hexachlororhodate was tested in the absence of metabolic activation in a bacterial SOS chromotest (Lantzsch and Gebel, 1997).
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not stated
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Not to current international guidelines, but scientifically acceptable
- Guideline:
- other: Revised test protocol of Maron and Ames (1983)
- Version / remarks:
- The study differed principally from OECD TG471 in that only four bacterial strains were tested. The recommended strain TA1535 was ommitted.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bacterial reverse mutation assay. The study differed principally from OECD TG471 in that only four bacterial strains were tested. The recommended strain TA1535 was ommitted.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Sprague-Dawley rat liver, Induced with Phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- The test substance was dissolved in distilled water and diluted to 5-500 ug/plate [probably 10, 50, 100 or 500 ug/plate] in all four tester strains , in the absence or presence of (4% and 10%) S9. The number of revertant colonies on the plates were recorded after 48 hours of incubation in the dark at 37degC.
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Distilled water
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminofluorene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 hr in dark
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Tests done in duplicate and repeated at least three times - Evaluation criteria:
- For the test substance to be considered mutagenic, a two-fold (or more) increase in the mean revertant numbers must be observed in the plates containing the test substanced compared to the spontaneous reversion rate.
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA98 and TA102
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA100
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- The test substance caused a 2- to 10-fold increase in revertants in all four tester strains (compared with spontaneous reversion rates), in the presence of S9. In the absence of S9, a 2- to 10-fold increase in reversion rates was seen in three tester strains, whereas in TA100 there was no evidence of a mutagenic effect. "The increase in reverse mutation rates in the samples that tested positive was dosage-dependent".
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive
Ammonium hexachlororhodate was mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 when tested in the presence and absence of a rat liver metabolic activation system. - Executive summary:
In a bacterial reverse mutation assay,similar to OECD Test Guideline 471, ammonium hexachlororhodate was tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 in both the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system derived from phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone induced rat livers (S9). (The recommended strain TA1535 was omitted.) A mutagenic effect was seen in all four strains in the presence of metabolic activation and in all but strain TA100 in its absence.
In conclusion, the test substance was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
Reference
High doses of the metal compounds proved toxic to the tester strains", resulting in a thinning of the background bacterial lawn. Although no actual data were provided for ammonium hexachlororhodate, the minimum toxic dose for the rhodium salts was apparently 500 ug/plate.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (positive)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Description of key information
No data identified.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Mode of Action Analysis / Human Relevance Framework
No data identified.
Additional information
In a bacterial reverse mutation assay,similar to OECD Test Guideline 471,ammonium hexachlororhodate was tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 in both the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system derived from phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone induced rat livers (S9).(The recommended strain TA1535 was omitted.)A mutagenic effect was seen in all four strains in the presence of metabolic activation and in all but strain TA100 in its absence. In conclusion, the test substance was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation(Bunger et al., 1996).
In a non-guideline study, the ability of triammonium hexachlororhodate to induce DNA damage in the bacterium Escherichia coli (strain PQ37), in an SOS chromotest, was assessed (in the absence of a metabolic activation system). A maximum induction factor (IFmax, in the absence of cytotoxicity) of 35.25 was reported, indicating a genotoxic effect. In conclusion, the test substance showed an ability to induce DNA damage in a bacterial SOS chromotest in the absence of metabolic activation Lantzsch & Gebel, 1997).
No in vivo genotoxicity data were identified for triammonium hexachlororhodate.
In 2002, the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS) reviewed the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of rhodium and rhodium compounds. In its evaluation, the Committee found that several water-soluble rhodium (III) compounds were genotoxic in bacteria and in mammalian cells (DECOS, 2002). Based mainly on rhodium trichloride (in vitro and in vivo) data, the Committee was of the opinion that all water-soluble rhodium (III) compounds are a human health concern in regards to these endpoints.
References
DECOS (2002). Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards, a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands. Rhodium and compounds: Evaluation of the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The weight-of-the evidence indicates that the water-soluble rhodium (III) compounds should be considered as potentially mutagenic and, as such, triammonium hexachlororhodate is self-classified for germ cell mutagenicity (category 2) according to EU CLP criteria (EC 1272/2008).
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