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EC number: 619-228-2 | CAS number: 96556-05-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 16 February 1993 to 18 February 1993
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Study conducted on read-across material
- Justification for type of information:
- The read-across justification will be provided as soon as possible.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- other: Read-across target
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - The test solutions were analysed by Analytical Chemistry.
- Sample from Vessels 1 and 3 (0 mg/L) and 5 and 7 (97.5 mg/L) were measured at 0, 24 (new and old) and 48 hours.
- The analysis was conducted according to the method described in MSD Analytical Chemistry SOP 404 01 and when possible was carried out on the day of sampling. If this was not possible the samples were stored at 4 °C until analysed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A 975 mg/L stock (taken as 1000 mg/L during the study) was prepared by adding 0.25 g of the test material to 250 mL distilled water. Test solutions were prepared by diluting the stock with ASTM medium-hard medium.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Cultures were established with 10 <24 hours old neonates in 800 mL of medium; when these Daphnia become gravid their numbers are reduced to 5 individuals. Cultures are reset with <24 hours old neonates when the adults are 24 days old.
ACCLIMATION
- Cultures were maintained in a synthetic medium (ASTM medium-hard medium) with the addition of an organic seaweed-derived extract. ASTM has the same chemical composition and similar pH and dissolved oxygen concentration as that used to prepare test solutions.
- Daphnia cultures were fed cells of the green alga ChIorella vulgaris. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 164 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 7.81
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.78 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 97.5 mg/L
Mean Measured: 93.5 (0 hours), 101.7 (24 hours new), 100.5 (24 hours old) and 102.1 (48 hours) mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ASTM medium-hard medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration and total hardness (as mg/L CaCO3) of selected test solutions were measured at 0, 24 and 48 hours.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hour light, 8 hour dark photoperiod
- Light intensity: normal laboratory lighting
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Immobility was recorded at 24 and 48 hours - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 97.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- The results of the analysis of test conditions and synthetic medium indicate that temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and total hardness were maintained within their standard ranges and therefore the test was qualitatively acceptable.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- No test material was found in the control group samples.
- In the test material group (nominal 97.5 mg/L) mean measured concentrations were: 93.5 (0 hours), 101.7 (24 hours new), 100.5 (24 hours old) and 102.1 (48 hours) mg/L. The test material concentrations were therefore maintained during the test.
IMMOBILITY
- At 24 and 48 hours, some of the daphnia exposed to the test material were immobilised in the surface film. No other immobile daphnia were observed in these
vessels, suggesting that immobility may not have been a direct response to the inherent toxicity of the test material. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study the 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 97.5 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test material to aquatic toxicity was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2., under GLP conditions.
The test was conducted under static renewal conditions. Daphnia were exposed to one concentration of 97.5 mg/L. Analysis of the test material indicated that the exposure concentration remained stable throughout the test.
There was a 30 % mortality at 48 hours. These Daphnia appeared to have died as a result of being caught in the surface film rather than as a direct response to the inherent toxicity of the test material.
Under the conditions of this study the 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 97.5 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 October 1993 to 20 October 1993
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Study conducted on read-across material
- Justification for type of information:
- The read-across justification will be provided as soon as possible.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- other: Read across target
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of test solution were taken at 0, 24 (old and new) and 48 hours for determination of test material concentrations. The test solutions were analysed by Analytical Chemistry. The analysis was carried out according to MSD SOP 404.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The stock solution was prepared by weighing out 2.05 g of test material and dissolving in 2.0 litres ASTM "medium-hard" medium making a 1.0 g/L stock. Test
solutions were prepared by adding known volumes of stock to ASTM using an electronic pipette. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Cultures were reset using 10 neonates, when they become gravid their numbers were reduced from 10 to 5 and the production of neonates results in their daily removal.
ACCLIMATION
- Cultures were maintained in a synthetic medium with the same chemical composition and similar pH and dissolved oxygen concentration as that used to prepare test solutions. Culture medium consists of 800 mL ASTM medium-hard medium with the addition of an organic additive, derived from the marine macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum.
- The cultures were fed daily with cells of the green algae ChIarella vulgaris. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 171 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 17 - 20 °C
- pH:
- 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 32, 56, 100, 180 and 320 mg/L
Measured (0 hours): 34.2, 57.5, 99.8, 178.4 and 331.8 mg/L
Measured (24 hours, new): 33.3, 57.4, 100.6, 158.4 and 278.5 mg/L
Measured (24 hours, old): 32.9, 52.0, 98.5, 174.4 and 325.9 mg/L
Measured (48 hours): 31.8, 56.2, 99.9, 175.4 and 318.3 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ASTM medium-hard medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration and total hardness (as mg/L CaCO3) of selected test solutions were measured at 0, 24 and 48 hours.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hour light, 8 hour dark photoperiod
- Light intensity: normal laboratory lighting
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Immobility was recorded at 24 and 48 hours - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 320 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 320 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- The results of the analysis of test conditions and synthetic medium indicate that temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and total hardness were maintained within their standard ranges and therefore the test was qualitatively acceptable.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Mean concentrations were between 95 and 103 % of nominal values. Effect concentrations are, therefore, based on nominal concentrations.
IMMOBILITY
- Results can be seen in Table 1.
- At all test concentrations except the control some Daphnia were caught in the surface film. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study the 24 and 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 320 mg/L. The 24 hour NOEC was 56.0 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test material to aquatic toxicity was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2., under GLP conditions.
The test was conducted under static renewal conditions. Daphnia were exposed to a range of concentrations from 32.0 – 320 mg/L. Analysis of the test material indicated that the exposure concentration remained stable throughout the test. Mean concentrations were between 95 and 103 % of nominal values. Effect concentrations are, therefore, based on nominal concentrations.
At all test concentrations except the control some Daphnia were caught in the surface film.
Under the conditions of this study the 24 and 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 320 mg/L. The 24 hour NOEC was 56.0 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Cumulative Percentage Immobile at 24 and 48 Hours
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
0 |
0 |
5 |
97.5 |
0 |
30 |
Table 1: Cumulative Percentage Immobile at 24 and 48 Hours
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
0 |
0 |
55 |
32.0 |
0 |
20 |
56.0 |
0 |
20 |
100.0 |
5 |
10 |
180.0 |
5 |
25 |
320.0 |
9 |
27.3 |
Description of key information
Marshall (1993) AT/501/03
Under the conditions of this study the 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 97.5 mg/L.
Marshall (1993) AT/501/06
Under the conditions of this study the 24 and 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 320 mg/L. The 24 hour NOEC was 56.0 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Marshall (1993) AT/501/03
The acute toxicity of the test material to aquatic toxicity was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2., under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The test was conducted under static renewal conditions. Daphnia were exposed to one concentration of 97.5 mg/L. Analysis of the test material indicated that the exposure concentration remained stable throughout the test.
There was a 30 % mortality at 48 hours. These Daphnia appeared to have died as a result of being caught in the surface film rather than as a direct response to the inherent toxicity of the test material.
Under the conditions of this study the 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 97.5 mg/L.
Marshall (1993) AT/501/06
The acute toxicity of the test material to aquatic toxicity was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202 and EU Method C.2., under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The test was conducted under static renewal conditions. Daphnia were exposed to a range of concentrations from 32.0 – 320 mg/L. Analysis of the test material indicated that the exposure concentration remained stable throughout the test. Mean concentrations were between 95 and 103 % of nominal values. Effect concentrations are, therefore, based on nominal concentrations.
At all test concentrations except the control some Daphnia were caught in the surface film.
Under the conditions of this study the 24 and 48 hour EC50 of the test material to Daphnia magna was greater than 320 mg/L. The 24 hour NOEC was 56.0 mg/L.
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