4-chlorobenzophenone

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish: On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, based on mortality effect the 96 hr NOEC, LOEC and LC50 value was determined to be 0.72, 1.05 and > 1.52 to < 3.8 mg/l respectively.

 

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 2.1 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae: On the basis of growth rate effect of test chemical on test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus the 72 hr ErC50 value was determined to be 0.31 with 95% CI of 0.29 to 0.34 mg/l.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms: On the basis of toxicity to microorganisms (Tetrahymena pyriformis) the 48 hr EC50 value was determined to be 7.49 mg/l.

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish: 

Data available of the structurally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on fishes. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

The first study of toxicity to fishes was carried out according to The Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances" guideline. The duration of test was 96 hr performed under static conditions. Oryzias latipes (Japanese rice fish) was taken as test organism. On the basis of mortality effect of test chemical on test organism Oryzias latipes (Japanese rice fish) the 24, 48, 72 hr NOEC and LOEC was determined to be  1.43 and 2.00 mg/L.  And the 24,48 and 72 hr LC50 value was determined to be > 5.50 mg/L and 4.60 mg/L (semi-log graph). On the basis of mortality effect of test chemical on test organism Oryzias latipes (Japanese rice fish) the 96 hr NOEC, LOEC and EC50 value was determined to be 0.72 , 1.05 and 3.8 mg/l respectively. 

 

The second study of short term toxicity to fish was carried. The duration of study was 96 hr and was performed under static conditions. Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) was taken as test organism. On the basis of mortality effect of test chemical on test organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) The 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 1.52 mg/l with 95% CI of 0.96 to 2.41 mg/L.

 

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, based on mortality effect the 96 hr NOEC, LOEC and LC50 value was determined to be 0.72, 1.05 and > 1.52 to < 3.8 mg/l respectively. As per the value of LC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in category 'aquatic chronic 2' thus consider as toxic to fishes. 

 

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: 

Different experimental studies for the short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates endpoint were reviewed for the test substance  and are summarised below:

 

The first study of short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was carried out according to OECD 202.  The duration of study was 48 hr and was performed under static conditions.  Daphnia magna (stratus) was taken as test organism. Source of test organisms was University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague. Age of test organism at study initiation was < 24 hr old. The stock solution 10.0 g/l was prepared by dissolving white powder in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water. Test concentration taken in study were control, vehicle control and  0.5, 1.0 ,2.0, 4.0 ,8.0 mg/l nominal concentration were used. Test vessel was taken as 50 ml glass vessel with fill volume of 25 ml.  Number of organisms per vessel was taken as five. Number of vessels per concentration (replicates) was taken as four. Potassium dichromate was taken as reference substance. Test conditions includes temperature of 20 ± 1 °C. At highest concentration pH  7.8 changed to pH  7.9 during the test. In control pH was of  7.8 and in vehicle control  pH 7.9 changed to pH 7.8 during the test. Dissolved oxygen was found to be > 7.5 mg/L at the end of test. The test was performed in the dark conditions. The statistical analysis was done by using  non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The EC50 value of reference substance was determined to be 0.73 mg/l in duration of 24 hr. On the basis of mobility effect of test chemical on test organism daphnia magna the 48 hr EC50 value was determined to be 2.1 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in category 'aquatic chronic 2' thus consider as toxic to aquatic invertebrates. 

 

The second study of short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was carried out according to guideline "The Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances". The duration of study was 48 hr performed under static conditions. Statistical analysis was done by Probit method. On the basis of mobility effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia magna the 24 hr NOEC, EC50 and EC100 value was determined to be 1.75 mg/l, 2.34 mg/l (95 % CI of 2.11 - 2.59 mg/L) and >3.86 mg/L respectively. Based on mobility effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia magna the 48 hr NOEC, EC50 and EC100 value was determined to be 1.15 mg/l, 1.87 mg/l (95 % CI of 1.71 - 2.07 mg/L) and 2.59 mg/L respectively. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in category 'aquatic chronic 2' thus consider as toxic to aquatic invertebrates. 

 

The third study of short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was carried out. The duration of study was 48 hr and was performed under static conditions. Daphnia pulex (water flea) was taken as test organism. On the basis of mobility effect of test chemical on test organism Daphnia pulex the 48 hr EC50 value was determined to be 3.2 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in category 'aquatic chronic 2' thus consider as toxic to aquatic invertebrates. 

 

On the basis of above-mentioned information, the test chemical was considered to be classified in the category 'aquatic chronic 2' thus consider as toxic to aquatic invertebrates. 

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae: 

Different experimental studies for the toxicity to aquatic algae endpoint were reviewed for the test substance  and are summarised below:

 

The first study of toxicity to aquatic algae was carried out according to OECD 201. The duration of study was 72 hr and was performed under static conditions. Desmodesmus subspicatus (86.81 SAG)  was taken as test organism. The source of test organism was Institute of Botany of the ASCR, v.v.i., Dukelska 135, Trebon, Czech Republic. The stock solution 10.0 g/l was prepared by dissolving white powder in acetone and it was 10 times diluted by acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. The nominal test concentrations taken for study were 0,0, 0.10, 0.17, 0.29, 0.49, 0.84 mg/l. The test vessel was taken as 50 ml glass vessel with air-permeable stopper. Volume of test solution was taken as 15 ml. Initial cells density was 5000 cells/ml.  Number of vessels per concentration, control, vehicle control was taken as three. Test conditions includes temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, pH without adjustment at highest concentration 0.84 mg/l was 8.0 changed to pH 7.9 during the test, in control pH 8.0 changed to pH 7.7 during the test, in vehicle control pH 7.9 changed to pH 7.5 during the test. A photoperiod of continuous light was provided with light intensity of 6000 lux to 8000 lux. Determination of cell concentration was done by microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter (Cellometer Auto T4 Plus, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC). Potassium dichromate was taken as reference substance. ErC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego CA). ErC50 of reference substance was determined to be 0.75 mg/l. In control  the coefficient of variation of average growth rate in replicates during the whole test period was 2.2 %  and 0.9 % in vehicle control.  On the basis of growth rate effect of test chemical on test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus the 72 hr ErC50 value was determined to be 0.31 with 95% CI of 0.29 to 0.34 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in category 'aquatic acute/chronic 1' thus consider as toxic to aquatic algae. 

 

The second study of toxicity to aquatic algae was performed according to "The Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances". The duration of study was 72 hr and was performed in static conditions. The test organism was taken as Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata (green algae). Statistical analysis was done by Probit method and Dunnett's test. On the basis of growth rate effect of test chemical on test organism Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata, the 72 hr NOEC and EC50 value was determined to be 0.18 and 0.67 mg/l (95% CI of 0.63 to 0.72 mg/L). Also based on biomass effect the 72 hr NOEC and EC50 value was determined to be 0.08 and 0.41 mg/l (95 % CL of 0.38 to 0.45 mg/L). As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in the category 'aquatic acute/chronic 1' thus consider as toxic to aquatic algae. 

 

The third study of toxicity to aquatic algae was carried out according to German Federal Environment Agency guideline. The duration of study was 96 hr and was performed under static conditions. Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae) was taken as test organism. The nominal concentrations taken for study were 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/l. The 20 ml of algae suspension was incubated in a shaking water bath at the test concentrations and control of plain water bath. On the basis of growth rate effect of test chemical on test organism Scenedesmus subspicatu, the 72 hr LOEC and EC50 value was determined to be 0.03 and 0.073 mg/l respectively. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was The study of toxicity to aquatic algae was carried out according to German Federal Environment Agency guideline. The duration of study was 96 hr and was performed under static conditions. Scenedesmus subspicatus (green algae) was taken as test organism. The nominal concentrations taken for study were 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/l. The 20 ml of algae suspension was incubated in a shaking water bath at the test concentrations and control of plain water bath. On the basis of growth rate effect of test chemical on test organism Scenedesmus subspicatu, the 72 hr LOEC and EC50 value was determined to be 0.03 and 0.073 mg/l respectively. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was considered to be classified in the category 'aquatic acute/chronic 1' thus consider as toxic to aquatic algae. 

 

On the basis of above-mentioned information, the test chemical  was considered to be classified in the category 'aquatic acute/chronic 1' thus consider as toxic to aquatic algae. 

 

Toxicity to microorganisms: 

Different experimental studies for the toxicity to microorganisms endpoint were reviewed for the test substance  and are summarised below:

 

The first study of toxicity to microorganisms was carried out. The duration of study was 48 hr performed under static conditions. Tetrahymena piriformis was taken as microorganism. On the basis of toxicity to microorganisms (Tetrahymena pyriformis) the 48 hr EC50 value was determined to be 7.49 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was consider as toxic to microorganisms. 

 

The second study of toxicity to microorganisms was carried out. The duration of test was 30 min and was performed under static conditions. Photobacterium phosphoreum was taken as test organism. On the basis of toxicity to microorganisms (Photobacterium phosphoreum ) the 30 min EC50 value was determined to be 8.9 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was consider as toxic to microorganism. 

 

The third study of toxicity to microorganisms was carried out. The duration of study was 35 hr performed under static conditions. Tetramitus rostratus was taken as microorganism. On the basis of toxicity to microorganisms (Tetramitus rostratus) the 35 hr EC50 value was determined to be  > 1 to < 17 mg/l. As per the value of EC50 the test chemical was consider as toxic to microorganisms. 

 

On the basis of above-mentioned information, the test chemical was considered toxic to microorganisms.