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EC number: 201-983-0 | CAS number: 90-30-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 17.01.-07.02.1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD guideline 202, part II (draft 8/1995)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test substance was treated in an ultrasonic bath for 1 h, and stirred for 48 resp. 72 h on a magnetic stirrer. Undissolved material was filtered off (pore size: 7-12 µm).
- Controls: yes - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Source: clone breed of Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin, Germany (German Health Authority), cultured in laboratory of Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): max. 24 h
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Scenedesmus subspicatus
- Amount: 0.1 mg TOC per adult per day (days 0-7), 0.2 mg TOC per adult per day (days 8-21)
- Frequency: daily
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES:
careful sieving - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 14.7 - 15.0 °dH
- Test temperature:
- 19.6 - 20.5 °C
- pH:
- 7.5 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 90.3 - 110.4%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 0.0032, 0.01, 0.032, 0.1 and 0.32 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with watchglasses (diameter 6 cm)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beakers (diameter 5.5 cm, height 9.5 cm), 100 mL test medium
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): three times per week (monday, wednesday, friday)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M4 medium (Elendt) according to BGA (1992)
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: weekly before and after renewal of test solutions
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: 16 h light: 8 h darkness
- Light intensity: < 12 µE/m²s, corresponding to < 800 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
immobility, reproduction (daily inspection) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.032 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.1 - < 0.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: 10% in control, 0% at 0.0032, 0.01, 0.032 and 0.1 mg/L and 90% at 0.32 mg/L
- Reproduction rate (mean, offspring per adult): 103.6 in control, 102.3 at 0.0032 mg/L, 95.2 at 0.01 mg/L, 96.6 at 0.032 mg/L, 83.9 at 0.1 mg/L and 87.0 at 0.32 mg/L; corresponding to 100% in control, 98.% at 0.0032 mg/L, 91.9% at 0.01 mg/L, 93.2% at 0.032 mg/L, 81.0% at 0.1 mg/L and 84.0% at 0.32 mg/L - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 21d chronic toxicity test using Daphnia magna (following US-EPA recommendations)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: adding ethanol stock solutions of PNA to water
- Controls: yes, blank and solvent control
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): ethanol (0.2 mL/L water) - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Strain: Daphnia magna
- Source: biological supply house
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 12 +/- 12 hours, first instar
- Method of breeding: stock cultures with regular subculturing (method of Dewey and Parker), in 4L polyethylene separatory funnels
- Feeding during test
- Food type: food suspension (30 mg/L) of yeast, chlorophyll, trout starter feed
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: stock cultures with regular subculturing
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: baker's yeast, chlorophyll and algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 170 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 2 °C
- pH:
- 7.2-7.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: culture dishes containing 100 mL of solution
- Aeration: no data
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): three times per week (monday, wednesday, friday)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: soft reconstituted freshwater, recommended by US EPA for culture and testing of freshwater invertebrates; reagent-grade, deionized water (> 10megohm-cm), filtered through activated carbon and a 0.2 µm particle filter in a Barnstead NANOpure water purification unit
- Alkalinity: 30-35 mg/L as CaCO3
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: 16 h light: 8 h darkness
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): mortality (lack of movement) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.02 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.06 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: 20% for control, 7% for ethanol control, 20% at 0.01 mg/L, 27% at 0.02 and 0.04 mg/L, 53% at 0.08 mg/L and 100% at 0.16 mg/L
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
NOEC (21d) = 0.02 mg/L (nominal, mortality) for Daphnia magna (following US-EPA recommendations)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.02 mg/L
Additional information
The available data on the long-term toxicity of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine to Daphnia magna were taken together and considered in a weight-of-evidence approach.
In the first study, effects of Vulkanox PAN (Additin 30) on daphnid reproduction were investigated in a GLP study according to OECD guideline 202 part II (Caspers 1996). Nominal concentrations of 0, 0.0032, 0.01, 0.032, 0.1 and 0.32 mg/L were tested. This study yielded a 21-d NOEC for reproduction of 0.032 mg/L. However, due to low recovery rates in preliminary experiments, analytical monitoring of the test concentrations was not conducted. Another study reports on long-term toxicity testing of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine following US EPA recommendations (Sikka et al. 1981), with nominal concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mg/L. As a result, a 21-d NOEC of 0.02 mg/L was obtained for Daphnia magna based on mortality. Analytical monitoring was conducted, but results not reported. Furthermore, mortality is an endpoint of minor relevance for chronic toxicity tests. However, in order to a apply a conservative apprtoach this lightly lower NOEC value of 0.02 mg/L was used for the chemical safety assessment of the test substance.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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