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EC number: 289-904-6 | CAS number: 90045-43-5 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Citrus paradisi M., Rutaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Substance characterisation
The test substance Grapefruit oil is a Natural Complex Substance (NCS) which is a subgroup of Complex reaction products or Biological material (UVCB substances). With 97% of the constituents composition of Grapefruit oil known, this NCS can be considered as a well defined NCS. The constituents of Grapefruit oil are predominantly alicyclic unsaturated monoterpene hydrocarbons. Other constituents are aliphatic short-chain aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, with one or more double bonds. In the typical Grapefruit oil, the main constituent limonene is present at 88% of the composition.
The composition with limonene and some minor terpenoid constituents represents a relatively homogenous type of NCS. The environmental risk assessment will be based on the properties of the main constituent limonene. This constituent was identified using the so-called DPD+ approach.
In spite of the structural similarities of many constituents, the ranges for water solubility, volatility, adsorption and lipophility are considerable and thus the environmental behaviour of the constituents may vary. Due to these differences the assessment of these environmental propertiesof Grapefruit oil is based on data for the individual constituents.
Based on the constituent approach as described in the industry protocol for the REACH registration of NCSs of botanical origin used as fragrance ingredients (see footnote 1), Grapefruit oil is to be considered as a readily biodegradable substance. The water solubility ranges from 0.5 to 1100 mg/l for the constituents. The water solubility is > 10 mg/l for 94% of the constituent composition including the main constituent limonene. One constituent present in 1% of the composition has an estimated water solubility of 0.5 mg/l.
The log Kow of the constituents is below 4.5 for typically 93% of the constituent composition, whereas only one of the constituents (1%) has a log Kow below 3. With log Kow 4.38, limonene represents the group with a relatively high log Kow (Koc of limonene estimated at 2413). Log Kow is above 4.0 for 92% of the constituent composition.
Most constituents may have a tendency to sorb to organic matter. As the NCS is considered to be biodegradable, adsorption/desorption studies were waived.
The estimated vapour pressure of Grapefruit oil was 195.4 Pa, ranging from 0.164 to 981 Pa for the constituents. For Limonene (typically 88%) the vapour pressure is 193 Pa and another 4% of the constituents composition has a higher vapour pressure. This indicates that partitioning by volatilisation will be significant.
Classification and PBT assessment
Although Grapefruit oil is considered readily biodegradable, log Kow is >4 for typically 92% of the constituent composition. As there is no empirical BCF for Grapefruit oil or for its main constituent limonene at the moment, a classification for long-term effects in the environment is applied as a worst case for both the classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) and according to Regulation 1272/2008/EC (CLP).
Based on its ready biodegradability, Grapefruit oil does not fulfill the PBT-criteria for Persistent. As typically 93% of the constituent composition has a log Kow <4.5, Grapefruit oil is also not considered bioaccumulative. Grapefruit Oil is not to be considered as a PBT substance.
(1) A statement on the use of the protocol for Registration of Natural Complex Substance (NCS) under REACH has been attached to the dossier
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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