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EC number: 237-492-3 | CAS number: 13816-33-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study conducted in 2014 study at recognised contract research organisation.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 014
- Report date:
- 2014
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-isopropylbenzonitrile
- EC Number:
- 237-492-3
- EC Name:
- 4-isopropylbenzonitrile
- Cas Number:
- 13816-33-6
- Molecular formula:
- C10H11N
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-(propan-2-yl)benzonitrile
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- -Batch: SC00008199
-Purity: 99.5%
-Expiry Date: 19 August 2016
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: N/a: EPISKIN reconstructed human epidermis model (In Vitro)
- Strain:
- other: n/a
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- EPISKIN Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Kit:
-Supplier : SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France
-Date received : 02 September 2014
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- other: N/a
- Preparation of test site:
- other: N/a
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: N/a
- Amount / concentration applied:
- The test substance was used as supplied (100% concentration).
A 3 mg/mL MTT stock solution was prepared in DPBS. The stock solution was diluted to 0.3 mg/mL with assay medium when required. A 0.04 N
solution of hydrochloric acid in isopropanol was prepared when required.
Application of Test Item and Rinsing
2 mL of maintenance medium, warmed to approximately 37 °C, was pipetted into the second column of 3 wells of the 12-well plate. Triplicate tissues were treated with the test item for an exposure period of 15 minutes. The test item was applied topically to the corresponding tissues ensuring
uniform covering. 10 μL (26.3 μL /cm2) of the test item was applied to the epidermis surface. Triplicate tissues treated with 10 μL of DPBS served as
the negative controls and triplicate tissues treated with 10 μL of SDS 5% w/v served as the positive controls. To ensure satisfactory contact with the
positive control item the SDS solution was spread over the entire surface of the epidermis using a pipette tip (taking particular care to cover the
centre). After 7-Minutes contact time the SDS solution was re-spread with a pipette tip to maintain the distribution of the SDS for the remainder of the
contact period. The plate(s) were kept in the biological safety cabinet at room temperature for 15 minutes.
At the end of the exposure period, each tissue was removed from the well using forceps and rinsed using a wash bottle containing DPBS with Ca++
and Mg++. Rinsing was achieved by filling and emptying each tissue insert for approximately 40 seconds using a constant soft stream
of DPBS to gently remove any residual test item. The rinsed tissues were transferred to the second column of 3 wells containing 2 mL of maintenance medium in each well. The rinsed tissues were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air for 42 hours. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- a treatment period of 15 minutes followed by a post-exposure incubation period of 42 hours
- Observation period:
- n/a
- Number of animals:
- Tissues were tested in triplicate
- Details on study design:
- Preparation of Negative and Positive Control Substances, MTT and Acidified Isopropanol:
The negative control substance, PBS, was used as supplied. The positive control substance, SDS, was prepared as a 5% w/v aqueous solution. A 3 mg/mL MTT stock solution was prepared in DPBS. The stock solution was diluted to 0.3 mg/mL with assay medium when required. A 0.04 N solution of hydrochloric acid in isopropanol was prepared when required.
Test for Direct MTT Reduction:
As specified, a test substance may interfere with the MTT endpoint, if it is able to directly reduce MTT and at the same time is present on or in the tissues when the MTT viability test is performed. To identify this possible interference, the test substance is checked for the ability to directly reduce MTT according to the following procedure: 10 μL of the test substance was added to 2 mL of a 0.3 mg/mL MTT solution freshly prepared inassay medium. The solution was incubated in the dark at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air for 3 hours. Untreated MTT solution was used as a control. If the MTT solution containing the test substance turns blue, the test substance is presumed to have reduced the MTT and the determination of skin irritation potential would be performed in parallel onviable and water-killed tissues for quantitative correction of the results.
Pre-incubation (Day 0: Tissue Arrival):
2 mL of maintenance medium, warmed to approximately 37 °C, was pipetted into the first column of 3 wells of a pre-labeled 12-well plate. Each epidermis unit was transferred into the maintenance medium filled wells (3 units per plate). A different 12-well plate was used for the test substance and
each control substance. The tissues were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air overnight.
Main Test
Application of Test Substance and Rinsing (Day 1):
2 mL of maintenance medium, warmed to approximately 37 °C, was pipetted into the second column of 3 wells of the 12-well plate. Triplicate tissues were treated with the test substance for an exposure period of 15 minutes. The test substance was applied topically to the corresponding tissues ensuring uniform covering. 10 μL (26.3μL /cm2) of the test substance was applied to the epidermis surface. Triplicate tissues treated with10 μL of DPBS served as the negative controls and triplicate tissues treated with 10 μL of SDS5% w/v served as the positive controls. To ensure satisfactory contact with the positive control substance the SDS solution was spread over the entire surface of the epidermis using a pipette tip (taking particular care to cover the centre). After 7-Minutes contact time the SDS solution was re-spread with a pipette tip to maintain the distribution of the SDS for the remainder of the contact period. The plate(s) were kept in the biological safety cabinet at room temperature for 15 minutes. At the end of the exposure period,
each tissue was removed from the well using forceps and rinsed using a wash bottle containing DPBS with Ca++ and Mg++. Rinsing was achieved by
filling and emptying each tissue insert for approximately 40 seconds using a constant soft stream of DPBS to gently remove any residual test substance. The rinsed tissues were transferred to the second column of 3 wells containing 2 mL of maintenance medium in each well. The rinsed tissues were
incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air for 42 hours.
MTT Loading/Formazan Extraction (Day 3):
Following the 42-Hour post-exposure incubation period each 12-well plate was placed onto a plate shaker for 15 minutes to homogenize the released mediators in the maintenance medium. 1.6 mL of the maintenance medium from beneath each tissue was transferred to pre-labeled micro tubes and stored in a freezer at -14 to -30 ºC for possible inflammatory mediatordetermination. 2 mL of a 0.3 mg/mL MTT solution, freshly prepared in assay medium, was pipetted into the third column of 3 wells of the 12-well plate(s). The tissues were transferred to the MTT filled wells, being careful to remove any excess maintenance medium from the bottom of the tissue insert by blotting on absorbent paper. The tissues were incubated for 3 hours at 37 °C, 5% CO2in air. The epidermis was carefully separated from the collagen matrix using forceps and both parts (epidermis and collagen matrix) placed into labeled 1.5 mL micro tubes containing 500 μL ofacidified isopropanol, ensuring that both the epidermis and collagen matrix were fully immersed. Each tube was plugged to prevent evaporation and mixed thoroughly on a vortex mixer. The tubes were refrigerated at 1 to 10 °C until Day 6 of the experiment, allowing the extraction offormazan crystals out of the MTT-loaded tissues.
Absorbance/Optical Density Measurements (Day 6):
At the end of the formazan extraction period each tube was mixed thoroughly on a vortex mixer to produce a homogenous colored solution. For each tissue, duplicate 200 μL samples were transferred to the appropriate wells of a pre-labeled 96-well plate. 200 μL of acidified isopropanol alone was added to the two wells designated as ‘blanks’. The optical density was measured (quantitative viability analysis) at 562 nm (without a reference filter) using the Anthos 2001 microplate reader.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- other: other: Relative mean tissue viability (%)
- Value:
- 84.5
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Basis: mean. Time point: 42 hours. Reversibility: other: not applicable. (migrated information)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information EU DSD & CLP Not classified for Irritation. UN GHS Not classified for Irritation (category 3 can not be determined). Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS EU
- Conclusions:
- The relative mean viability of the test item treated tissues was 84.5% after the 15-Minute exposure period and 42 hours post-exposure incubation period therefore the test item was classified as non-irritant.
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