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EC number: 205-003-2 | CAS number: 130-95-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Quinine has an absorption rate of 76 %. About 70 % of the plasma quinine is bound to proteins. Quinine is metabolized in the liver by hydroxylation and metabolic products are excreted in urine. The half-life of quinine in plasma is about 4 to 10 hours.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- low bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 76
Additional information
In the study published by Paintaud, 1993 the pharmacokinetic of quinine was determined after oral and intravenous administration. Quinine had an absorption rate of 76 %. The AUC of quinine after oral administration was about 248 µmol/L *h and the peak plasma concentration was about 15.2 µmol/L. The half-life of quinine in plasma is about 10 hours. The AUC of quinine after intravenous infusion was about 321 µmol/L *h and the half-life in plasma is about 11.3 hours. It could be conclude that the oral absorption of quinine is extensive and fast in healthy subjects. According to the peer-reviewed database, HSDB, quinine is readily absorbed when given orally or intramuscularly. It is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (over 90 %). Absorption of quinine occurs mainly from the upper small intestine. Following administration of a single oral dose, peak serum concentration of quinine occur within 1-3 h. A large fraction (approx. 70 %) of plasma quinine is bound to proteins in healthy adults. Plasma protein binding is increased in patients with cerebral malaria. Quinine is widely distributed to body tissues. It is present in cerebrospinal fluid where its concentration is 1-5% of the plasma concentration. Small amounts of the drug are distributed into bile and saliva. The half-life in plasma is 4-6 hours. The plasma elimination half-life of quinine reportedly averages 8-21 h in adults with malaria and 7-13 h in healthy or convalescing adults. However, in overdose patients, its elimination half-life is 25-26 hours. Quinine is metabolized in the liver by hydroxylation. In humans, quinine is metabolized by oxidation of quinuclidine and quinoline rings to yield 2-hydroxyquinine, the major metabolite. After consumption of quinine-containing beverages, quinine-N-oxide was identified in urine by MS. Less than 5% of admin dose of quinine is excreted unaltered in urine. Quinine is excreted mainly in urine as metabolic products, but small amount also appear in feces, gastric juice, bile and saliva. Because quinine is reabsorbed when the urine is alkaline, renal excretion of the drug is twice as rapid when the urine is acidic than when it is alkaline.
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