Concentrates of lead and zinc compounds with sulfur resulting from hydrometallurgy (hot acid leaching, super-hot acid leaching and flotation)

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Read-across justification:Read-across from the most critical and bioavailable constituents (lead and its compounds):Based on the mineralogical composition, lead is the main constituent in the target substance and appears in sulphate form. The target substance is a solid inorganic UVCB substance and insoluble in water. Therefore, the transformation/dissolution study (OECD guidance 29) was conducted for the target substance to focus on the most critical bioavailable constituents of the substance. According to the T/D study results, the readily soluble constituent is lead. Based on the hazard profile of lead it is also the most hazardous constituent of this substance. Therefore, and in order to avoid the unnecessary animal testing, the read-across data from the most critical constituent is used to evaluate the short-term and long-term toxicological adverse effects of the target substance. The read-across data focuses on the properties of lead sulphate and other bioavailable forms of lead.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1998

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The ability of lead chloride (0.1 to 1.0 uM) to induce H202 formation in Chinese hamster ovary AS52 cells and the relationship between H202 induction and mutagenicity were examined.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

mammalian cell gene mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Lead dichloride

EC Number:

231-845-5

EC Name:

Lead dichloride

Cas Number:

7758-95-4

Molecular formula:

Cl2Pb

IUPAC Name:

lead dichloride

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)

Metabolic activation:

not specified

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

not examined

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Exposure to lead chloride at 0.8 and 1.0 uM increased H202 induction and mutation frequency in AS52 cells. Addition of allopurinol (an inhibitor of H202 induction) reduced the mutation frequency in lead-treated cells, implicating H202 induction in mutagenesis.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):positive

Executive summary:

The ability of lead chloride (0.1 to 1.0 uM) to induce H202 formation in Chinese hamster ovary AS52 cells and the relationship between H202 induction and mutagenicity were examined. Exposure to lead chloride at 0.8 and 1.0 uM increased H202 induction and mutation frequency in AS52 cells. Addition of allopurinol (an inhibitor of H202 induction) reduced the mutation frequency in lead-treated cells, implicating H202 induction in mutagenesis.