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EC number: 231-635-3 | CAS number: 7664-41-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Micronucleus Tests in Mice on 39 Food Additives and Eight Miscellaneous Chemicals
- Author:
- Hayashi, M. Kishi, M. Sofuni, T. Ishidate, M. Jr.
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Food and Chemical Toxicology, 26(6): 487-500
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- published study
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ammonium chloride
- EC Number:
- 235-186-4
- EC Name:
- Ammonium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 12125-02-9
- Molecular formula:
- H4ClN
- IUPAC Name:
- Ammonium chloride
- Reference substance name:
- Ammmonium chloride
- IUPAC Name:
- Ammmonium chloride
- Details on test material:
- Ammonium chloride, purity 99.7%. Read-across is proposed because ammonium chloride dissociates in aqueous environments producing ammonia.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: ddY
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The animals were 8 week old male ddY mice (Shizuoka Agricultural Cooperative Association for Laboratory Animals). They were given CE-2 pellets (Japan Clea, Tokyo) and water ad libitum.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- No information
- Details on exposure:
- Ammonium chloride was injected i.p. 5 doses were given as a single injection, 4 doses were given as 4 injections within 24 hours.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after exposure
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single i.p. injection, or 4 injections in 24 hours
- Post exposure period:
- 24 hours
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- single injection
- Dose / conc.:
- 62.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- single injection
- Dose / conc.:
- 125 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- single injection
- Dose / conc.:
- 250 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- single injection
- Dose / conc.:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- single injection
- Dose / conc.:
- 31.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- four injections within 24 hours
- Dose / conc.:
- 62.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- four injections within 24 hours
- Dose / conc.:
- 125 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- four injections within 24 hours
- Dose / conc.:
- 250 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- four injections within 24 hours
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- Positive control(s):
- Positive controls were not included, the study was a test on 47 chemicals.
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Femoral bone marrow cells, examined for polychromatic erythrocytes
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Femoral bone marrow cells were flushed out with foetal bovine serum, fixed with methanol and stained with Giemsa.
- Evaluation criteria:
- 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes per mouse were scored using a light microscope and the number of micronucleated erythrocytes was recorded.
- Statistics:
- No information
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- The occurrence of micronucleated erythrocytes after single injection was 0.12%, and after four injections was 0.17%.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The occurrence of micronucleated erythrocytes after single injection was 0.12%, and after four injections was 0.17%.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
Ammonium chloride was negative for genotoxicity in the mouse micronucleus assay. - Executive summary:
The potential for the genotoxicity of ammonium chloride was investigated in a bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice. Male ddY mice were administered ammonium chloride by single intraperitoneal injection at dose levels of 0, 62.5, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg bw or as four injections within 24 hours at dose levels of 31.3, 62.5, 125 or 250 mg/kg bw. The maximum dose of ammonium chloride was determined by pilot experiments using the multisampling at multi-dose levels method. Dose levels of up to the maximum tolerated dose were used. Mice were killed 24 h after administration and femoral bone marrow cells were harvested, fixed and stained. 1000 PCEs per animal were scored using a light microscope and the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MnPCEs) recorded. No evidence of genotoxicity was seen under the conditions of this assay.
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