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EC number: 215-215-7 | CAS number: 1313-99-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: other routes
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for publication.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Physicochemical characteristics and biological effects of nickel oxides
- Author:
- Sunderman FW, Hopfer SM, Knight JA, McCully KS, Cecutti AG, Thornhil PG, Conway K, Miller C, Patierno SR, Costa M
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Carcinogenesis. 8: 305-313
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- F344 rats were administered 14 mg Ni/rat via intrarenal injection. Histopathology was assessed at 12 weeks post-injection.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel monoxide
- EC Number:
- 215-215-7
- EC Name:
- Nickel monoxide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-99-1
- Molecular formula:
- NiO
- IUPAC Name:
- oxonickel
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): NiO
- Substance type: black NiO calcined at < 650 °C; ) grey-black NiO calcined at 735 C; two grey NiO calcined at 800 and 850 C; dark green calcined at 918 C; green NiO calcined at 1045 C
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: (Harland-Sprague Farms, Madison, WI
- Weight at study initiation: 135-184 g
- Housing: housed in stainless-steel mesh cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Ralston Purina rat chow ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: intrarenal
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on exposure:
- The rats were anesthetized with ether and the test compounds were administered by i.r. injection into both poles of the right kidney (14 mg Ni/rat), as previously described
- Doses:
- 14 mg Ni/rat
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 males
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 13 weeks
- Frequency of observations and weighing: biweekly
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: renal pathology, hematocrit - Statistics:
- Statistical computations means, standard deviations, Student's t test, Fisher's
exact test, Mann- Whitney test, Spearman's rank correlation test and Kendall's
coefficient of concordance.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- other: dose
- Effect level:
- 14 other: mg/rat
- Remarks on result:
- other: 12 weeks post injection, a slight but statistically significant reduction in bodyweight and peak hematocrit levels were significantly elevated.
- Mortality:
- Not applicable.
- Clinical signs:
- Not reported.
- Body weight:
- At 13 weeks post injection, there was a slight but statistically significant reduction in bodyweight in rats exposed to the two lowest calcined NiO compounds, as well as the NiO calcined at 850°C.
- Gross pathology:
- Not applicable.
- Other findings:
- - Histopathology:
Renal pathological responses were most evident in the rats exposed to black NiO.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Means (SD) Bodyweight (g) | Mean (SD) Peak Hematocrit (%) | Range | |
A | 279 (30)* | 73 (7)** | 57 -80 |
B | 279 (24)* | 55 (2) | 52 -58 |
C | 295 (21) | 53 (1) | 51 -55 |
D | 278 (16)** | 54 (2) | 51 -56 |
E | 297 (27) | 53 (1) | 51 -55 |
F | 289 (27) | 55 (2) | 51 -57 |
vehicle | 308 (23) | 54 (4) | 51 -56 |
alphaNi3S2 | 290 (23) | 78 (2) | 76 -81 |
NiO | 284 (10) | 75 (2) | 72 -78 |
*, P < 0.05
**, P < 0.01
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The presence of high surface area and demonstrable Ni(lll) were two physicochemical characteristics that were associated with the greatest biological effects of nickel oxides.The authors reported a strong paired ranking correlation between erythrocytosis and in vitro cell transformation. These study results were used to design further studies on the carcinogenesis of Ni compounds in animal bioassays (see Sunderman et al. 1990).
- Executive summary:
Sunderman et al. (1987) examined the physicochemical properties of various nickel compounds with both in vitro and in vivo measures of biological responses in order to examine whether there are any relationships between these properties and responses to the carcinogenic potential of these nickel compounds. Because carcinogenic forms of nickel had previously been reported to, among other things, induce erythrocytosis following intrarenal administration, Sunderman et al. (1987) examined the correlation of physicochemical properties of NiO compounds with erythropoietic responses. Thus, F344 rats were administered 14 mg Ni/rat via a single intrarenal injection of black NiO (INCO black NiO calcined at < 650 °C), as well as a number of other NiO compounds described as grey-black, grey, grey, dark green, and green which were calcined at 735, 800, 850, 918, and 1045 °C, respectively (note: other nickel compounds were also evaluated). Blood samples were then drawn 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks thereafter. Data provided in tabular form at 12 weeks post injection indicated a slight but statistically significant reduction in bodyweight in rats exposed to NiO calcined at <650, 735 and 850 °C. Similarly, peak hematocrit levels were only significantly elevated in animals exposed to black NiO (calcined at < 650 °C). The authors reported a strong paired ranking correlation between erythrocytosis and in vitro cell transformation. Pathological responses in the rat kidney were also scored and were generally more pronounced in rats receiving black NiO relative to the other NiO compounds evaluated. Given the route of exposure, the significance of these findings are unclear. Given the effects on erythropoiesis, the authors predicted that the carcinogenicity of black NiO would be greater than NiO compounds calcined at higher temperatures. These study results were used to design further studies on the carcinogenesis of nickel compounds in animal bioassays (see Sunderman et al. 1990 in the Carcinogenicity section). STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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