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EC number: 208-288-1 | CAS number: 520-26-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1957
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published literature which was conducted following the procedure which fulfills basically scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Metabolic fate of hesperidin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, and diosmin
- Author:
- ALBERT N. BOOTH, FRANCIS T. JONES, AND FLOYD DEEDS
- Year:
- 1 958
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Biol. Chem., 1958, pages 661-668
- Report date:
- 1957
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Breakdown products were identified after hesperidin was ingested by rabbit, rat and human using ascending two-dimensional paper chromatograms of the ether extracts of acid urines which were developed with bottom phase of a mixture of chloroform, acetic acid, and water (2:1L1) in the first
direction, followed by 20 per cent aqueous potassium chloride in the second direction. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hesperidin
- EC Number:
- 208-288-1
- EC Name:
- Hesperidin
- Cas Number:
- 520-26-3
- Molecular formula:
- C28H34O15
- IUPAC Name:
- 5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- Hesperidin was purchased from The Sunkist Growers, Ontario, California and re-crystallized prior to use
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- other: rabbits, rats and humen
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- no data
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Hesperidin (1 gm) was given by stomach tube to a rabbit (weight = 3 kilos) subsisting on a commercial pelleted ration. After a 5 day adjustment period, the same rabbit was given 1 gm of hesperetin. The same rabbit was adjusted to a purified diet consisting of starch, Cerelose, casein, Celluflour, salts’ (including potassium acetate and magnesium oxide), oil, and vitamins. Then 1 gm of hesperidin was given by stomach tube.
The administration by stomach tube of either 100 or 300 mg. of hesperidin per rat on a purified diet. The aglycon of hesperidin (hesperetin) was given to rats (150 mg per rat).Rats were given diosmin (400 mg per rat by stomach tube) while subsisting on a purified diet. Rats were given eriodictyol (300 mg per rat), Finally, rats on the purified diet were given homoeriodictyol (150 mg per rat).
Hesperidin (2 gm) was ingested by a human subsisting on an ordinary diet except for the exclusion of coffee and citrus products. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Hesperidin (1 gm) was given by stomach tube to a rabbit (weight = 3 kilos) subsisting on a commercial pelleted ration. After a 5 day adjustment period, the same rabbit was given 1 gm of hesperetin. The same rabbit was adjusted to a purified diet consisting of starch, Cerelose, casein, Celluflour, salts’ (including potassium acetate and magnesium oxide), oil, and vitamins.
The administration by stomach tube of either 100 or 300 mg. of hesperidin per rat on a purified diet. The aglycon of hesperidin (hesperetin) was given to rats (150 mg per rat).Rats were given diosmin (400 mg per rat by stomach tube) while subsisting on a purified diet. Rats were given eriodictyol (300 mg per rat), Finally, rats on the purified diet were given homoeriodictyol (150 mg per rat).
Hesperidin (2 gm) was ingested by a human subsisting on an ordinary diet except for the exclusion of coffee and citrus products.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Hesperidin (1 gm) was given by stomach tube to a rabbit (weight = 3 kilos) subsisting on a commercial pelleted ration. After a 5 day adjustment period, the same rabbit was given 1 gm. of hesperetin. The same rabbit was adjusted to a purified diet consisting of starch, Cerelose, casein, Celluflour, salts’ (including potassium acetate and magnesium oxide), oil, and vitamins.
The administration by stomach tube of either 100 or 300 mg of hesperidin per rat on a purified diet. The aglycon of hesperidin (hesperetin) was given to rats (150 mg per rat).Rats were given diosmin (400 mg per rat by stomach tube) while subsisting on a purified diet. Rats were given eriodictyol (300 mg per rat), Finally, rats on the purified diet were given homoeriodictyol (150 mg per rat).
Hesperidin (2 gm) was ingested by a human subsisting on an ordinary diet except for the exclusion of coffee and citrus products.
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- no data
- Control animals:
- other: rabbit: yes; rat and human: no data
- Positive control reference chemical:
- no
- Statistics:
- no
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Hesperidin can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral ingestion.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- no data
- Details on excretion:
- no data
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- For rabbit: hesperetin and its glucuronide, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid,m-coumaric acid (m-hydroxycinnamic acid), m-HPPA, m-hydroxyhippuric acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
For rat: m-HPPA, m-coumaric acid , hesperetin, and a conjugate of hesperetin.
For human: isoferulic acid
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): bioaccumulation potential cannot be judged based on study results
Hesperidin can be absorpted from the intestinal tract after oral ingested by rats and the cleavage of the middle ring of the hesperidin had taken place, accompanied by dehydroxylation, demethoxylation,or demethylation, followed by dehydroxylation to yield m-hydroxyphenylpropionic
acid. Other metabolites were m-coumaric acid and the aglycons. The aglycons were free and conjugated with glucuronic acid. A species difference was observed between the rat and human. - Executive summary:
The metabolic fate of six flavonoids (hesperidin, hesperetin, diosmin, diosmetin, eriodictyol, and homoeriodictyol) has been studied after oral ingestion by rats. In each case m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid was found to be present in the urine, along with lesser amounts of m-coumaric acid and the aglycons. The aglycons were free and conjugated with glucuronic acid. This was proof not only that absorption from the intestinal tract had occurred but also that cleavage of the middle ring of the flavonoid had taken place, accompanied by dehydroxylation, demethoxylation, or demethylation, followed by dehydroxylation to yield m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. A species difference was observed between the rat and human when hesperidin was ingested. The composition of the diet exerted marked effects upon the absorption of hesperidin by rabbits.
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