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EC number: 211-694-1 | CAS number: 687-47-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991-09-06 to 1995-08-10
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Exposure time 71.5 h instead of 72 h as in OECD 201 no replicates, no positive control, level of illumination lower than in OECD 201
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Exposure time 71.5 h (instead of 72 h as in OECD 201), no replicates, no positive control, level of illumination lower than in OECD 201
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Ethyl (S)-lactate
- Batch no.: EK 355.8,
- Purity: > 97 % - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At the start of the test 50 mL samples were taken from the diluted stock solutions of the test substance yielding nominal concentrations of 0, 0.1,1.0 and 3.2 g/L.One test flask per test substance concentration, containing 100 mL diluted stock solution was incubated (without algae). At the end of the test 50 mL samples were taken, yielding the same nominal test substance concentrations as at the start of the test. All samples were taken in 50 mL glass bottles and transerred under cool conditions to the analytical department of TNO Nutrition and Food Research in Zeist.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The medium was prepared from concentrated stock solutions in Milli-Q filtered water. The medium was sterilized by micropore filtration. This medium contains 150 mg/L NaHCOs (not 50 mg/L as specified in the OECD guideline). Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of ethyl (S)-lactate in algal medium. From these stock solutions appropriate dilutions were prepared in algal medium to yield final concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.32, 0.58, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 g/L.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- The fresh-water green alga Selenastrum capricornutum (ATCC 22662), which belongs to the order of Chlorococcales (class Chlorophyceae), was used as the test organism. The culture was supplied by the American Type Culture Collection, c/o Sales Department, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. A preculture of algae in the exponential growth phase was prepared as detailed in OECD guideline no. 201.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 71.5 h
- Test temperature:
- 23 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 5.4–9.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 0.10, 0.32, 0.58, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 g/L
Measured concentrations only available for 0.1, 1 and 3.2 g/L: at t = 0 h: 0.11, 0.87, 2.97 g/L; at t = 71.5 h: 0.054, 0.85, 3.04 g/L (details in the table below in "any other information"). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: conical test flasks
- Material, size, fill volume: not available, 200 mL, 250 mL
- Aeration: not available
- Initial cells density: 1.0E+04 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 174.6E+04 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2 (but one series was not used for the calculation; no proper algal growth had occurred probably due to contaminated test vessels.)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: not available
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Preparation of dilution water: The medium was prepared from concentrated stock solutions in Milli-Q filtered water. The medium was sterilized by micropore filtration. This medium contains 150 mg/L NaHCOs (not 50 mg/L as specified in the OECD Guideline).
Composition of algal medium:
NH4C1: 15 mg/L
MgCl2.6H2O: 12 mg/L
CaCl2.2H2O: 18 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O: 15 mg/L
KH2PO4: 1.6 mg/L
FeCl3.6H2O: 80 µg/L
Na2EDTA.2H2O: 100 µg/L
HsBOs: 185 µg/L
MnCl2.4H2O: 415 µg/L
ZnCl2: 3 µg/L
CoCl2.6H2O: 1.5 µg/L
CuCl2.2H2O: 0.01 µg/L
Na2MoC-4.2H2O: 7 µg/L
NaHCO3: 150 mg/L
The pH of this medium after equilibration with air is approximately 8.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: not available
- Light intensity and quality: fluorescent lamps with standard range 60-120 µmol/Sm2 (measured with a Bottemanne Weather Instruments Photosynthetic Radiometer RA200 Q).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- after 0, 24.5, 49.0 and 71.5 h the number of algal cells per mL in the samples was determined (Coulter Counter model TAII)
- The pH was measured at the start (medium without algae) and after 71.5 h in selected cultures. The morphology of the algae was examined visually with aid of a microscope at the start and the end of the test.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8 except between 0.1 and 0.32 g/L (spacing factor 1.8²)
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations in final test: 0, 0.10, 0.32, 0.58, 1.0, 1.8, 3.2 g/L
- Test concentrations in range finding test: 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.2, 102 and 1016 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 200 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 1 900 - <= 2 600
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 300 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Other: Many bacteria were found in the cultures containing test substance at the end of the test.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a short term toxicity test with algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) the following effect values were determined: EC50 = 2200 mg/L for growth inhibition and NOEC = 320 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of ethyl (S)-lactate to the freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined in a growth inhibition test according to OECD guideline no. 201 and the OECD principles of Good Laboratory Practice. The test included chemical determinations of test substance concentrations during the test. The nominal concentrations of ethyl (S)-lactate tested were 0, 0.10, 0.32, 0.58, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 g/L. Algal growth was determined by electronic particle counting. The EC50 with respect to growth rate (ErC50) was found to be 2.2 g/L, with a 95 % confidence interval of 1.9–2.6 g/L. The EC50 with respect to the area under the growth curve (EbC50) was found to be 2.3 g/L (in the range 1.8–3.2 g/L). The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) with respect to the effects referred to above was estimated to be 0.32 g/L. An effect on the inoculum viability, as found in this test, may be expected when a substance looses its toxicity during the test, in this case probably due to biodegradation. At the start of the test approximately 97 % of the nominal test substance concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 3.2 g/L were found by chemical analysis. At the end of the test these percentages were lower: 54, 85 and 95 % at the concentrations analysed.
Reference
Table1: Measured concentrations of ethyl (S)-lactate.
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Measured concentrations |
|||
start |
end |
|||
mg/L |
% of nominal |
mg/L |
% of nominal |
|
0 |
<1 |
|
<1 |
|
100 |
110 |
110 |
54 |
54 |
1000 |
870 |
87 |
850 |
85 |
3200 |
2970 |
93 |
3040 |
95 |
Average % of nominal concentration |
97 |
78 |
Table 2: Set of cell counts (1.0E+04 particles/mL, corrected for background)
Time [h] |
Nominal concentration [g/L] |
|||||||
0 |
0 |
0.10 |
0.32 |
0.58 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
3.2 |
|
0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
24.5 |
5.9 |
5.8 |
5.7 |
5.5 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
49 |
34.7 |
32.4 |
33.7 |
32.2 |
28.2 |
27.9 |
21.9 |
13.3 |
71.5 |
191.5 |
175.7 |
208.1 |
230.2 |
164.0 |
219.0 |
183.3 |
23.4 |
Description of key information
Ethyl (S)-lactate is practically non-toxic to algae. No hazard has been identified.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 2 200 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 320 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of ethyl (S)-lactate to the freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined in a growth inhibition test according to OECD guideline no. 201 and the OECD principles of Good Laboratory Practice. The test included analytical determination of test substance concentrations during the test. The nominal concentrations of ethyl (S)-lactate tested were 0, 0.10, 0.32, 0.58, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 g/L. Both inhibition of algal growth and biomass was determined. The effect concentrations on algal growth are used as key values. At the start of the test, 110, 87, and 93 % (average: 97 %) of the nominal test substance concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 3.2 g/L were recovered by chemical analysis. At the end of the test, recoveries were 54, 85 and 95 % at the concentrations analysed, respectively. Since recovery was > 80 % at the concentrations showing effects on algal growth, effect concentrations are presented as nominal concentrations.”
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