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EC number: 204-399-4 | CAS number: 120-47-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study.
- Justification for type of information:
- LLNA was not available/validated at that time point of conducting the GPMT
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: CIR study summary
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 981
- Report date:
- 1981
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study:
- guinea pig maximisation test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- LLNA was not available/validated at that time point of conducting the GPMT
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- EC Number:
- 204-399-4
- EC Name:
- Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Cas Number:
- 120-47-8
- Molecular formula:
- C9H10O3
- IUPAC Name:
- ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ethylparaben
- Physical state: solid
- Appearance: odorless white powder
- Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- Hartley
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Dutchland Laboratories, Inc. (Denver, PA, USA)
- Weight at study initiation: 301 - 350 g
- Housing: Animals were housed in groups of 5 per cage in stainless steel wire floored cages.
- Diet: Licket, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 ± 1
- Humidity (%): 50 ± 5
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Inductionopen allclose all
- Route:
- intradermal and epicutaneous
- Vehicle:
- other: Induction: Propylene glycol, Petrolatum and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA); Challenge: Petrolatum
- Concentration / amount:
- Induction: 1 and 50%
Challenge: 1 and 2%
Challengeopen allclose all
- Route:
- epicutaneous, occlusive
- Vehicle:
- other: Induction: Propylene glycol, Petrolatum and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA); Challenge: Petrolatum
- Concentration / amount:
- Induction: 1 and 50%
Challenge: 1 and 2%
- No. of animals per dose:
- 10
- Details on study design:
- RANGE FINDING TESTS:
To find an appropriate concentration for epicutaneous induction and challenge phase, 20 additional guinea pigs were treated with 5, 10 and 50% of the test substance in Petrolatum under occlusive conditions for 24 h. 3 h after removal of the occlusive dressing, the patch sites were graded for erythema response. Based on the outcome of this investigation, concentrations of 50 and 1 or 2% test substance were chosen for epicutaneous induction and challenge, respectively.
MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 2 (intradermal and epicutaneous, respectively)
- Exposure period: single intradermal injection and 48 h epicutaneous treatment
- Test groups:
Intradermal (3 pairs of injections):
Injection 1: 0.05 mL of a 1:1 mixture (v/v) FCA/water
Injection 2: 0.05 mL of 5% test substance in Propylene glycol
Injection 3: 0.05 mL of 1% test substance in a 1:1 mixture (v/v) FCA/water
Epicutaneous: 50% test substance in Petrolatum
The day before the epicutaneous induction, 0.5 mL of 10% Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was applied on the treatment site.
- Control group:
Intradermal (3 pairs of injections):
Injection 1: a 1:1 mixture (v/v) FCA/water
Injection 2: Propylene glycol
Injection 3: a 1:1 mixture (v/v) of aqueous FCA and Propylene glycol
Epicutaneous: 100% Petrolatum
The day before the epicutaneous induction, 0.5 mL of 10% Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was applied on the treatment site.
- Site: upper back (intradermal and epicutaneous)
- Frequency of applications: intradermal injection on Day 1 and epicutaneous application on Day 8
- Duration: single intradermal injections; epicutaneous treatment for 48 h
- Concentrations: intradermal 1% of the test substance (with FCA) or 5% of the test substance (without FCA), epicutaneous 50%
B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 1
- Day of challenge: Day 21
- Exposure period: 24 h
- Test groups: 0.4 mL 1 and 2% test substance in Petrolatum
- Control group: 0.4 mL 1 and 2% test substance in Petrolatum
- Site: left flank
- Concentrations: 1 and 2%
- Evaluation (hr after challenge): 24 and 48 h after patch removal - Positive control substance(s):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Phenylacetaldehyde
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- The positive control substance (Phenylacetaldehyde in Petrolatum; induction dose 5%, challenge doses 1 and 2% ) induced positive reactions in 7/8 and 8/8 animals (88 and 100%), respectively, thus meeting the reliability criteria for the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (≥ 30% positive response).
In vivo (non-LLNA)
Resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 0%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: Induction: 0%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 0%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: Induction: 0%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 1%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 1%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 6.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 1%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 1%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 6.0.
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 7
- Total no. in group:
- 8
- Clinical observations:
- desquamation in 2/8 animals
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: positive control. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 7.0. Total no. in groups: 8.0. Clinical observations: desquamation in 2/8 animals.
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 8
- Total no. in group:
- 8
- Clinical observations:
- desquamation in 7/8 animals
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: positive control. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 8.0. Total no. in groups: 8.0. Clinical observations: desquamation in 7/8 animals.
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 0%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: Induction: 0%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 0%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: Induction: 0%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 1%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 1%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 6.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 1%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 6
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 1%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 6.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 9
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 9.0.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%
- No. with + reactions:
- 8
- Total no. in group:
- 8
- Clinical observations:
- desquamation in 4/8 animals
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: positive control. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 1%. No with. + reactions: 8.0. Total no. in groups: 8.0. Clinical observations: desquamation in 4/8 animals.
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%
- No. with + reactions:
- 8
- Total no. in group:
- 8
- Clinical observations:
- desquamation in 7/8 animals
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: positive control. Dose level: Induction: 5%; Challenge: 2%. No with. + reactions: 8.0. Total no. in groups: 8.0. Clinical observations: desquamation in 7/8 animals.
Any other information on results incl. tables
During the study period, mortality was observed in 1/10 animals of the negative control, 1/10 animals of the 5% test substance induction group, 4/10 animals of the 1% test substance induction group and 2/10 animals of the positive control group. All deaths noted during the study period resulted from excessively tight occlusive wrapping during the epicutaneous induction phase and were not considered to be related to the test substance.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not sensitising
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- CLP: not classified
DSD: not classified
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