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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 234-733-4 | CAS number: 12028-48-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Manufacture
Documentsopen allclose all
Manufacture
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Manufacture
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of ammonium metatungstate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 1: Raw material handling - Ammonium paratungstate is received and stored in sealed containers. A container of APT is transferred to a metering station, where the raw material is transferred through an enclosed loading system into a furnace (e.g., a rotary furnace).
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 2: Furnace operation - Ammonium paratungstate is heated in a furnace (e.g., a rotary furnace) at 400°C to thermally decompose the APT. The product discharge (partially decomposed APT) is collected in a container which is fixed to the furnace discharge outlet.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 3: Transfer to the dissolving reactor / dissolution process - The partially decomposed APT is conveyed in a closed container to a metering station, where the material is dosed into a dissolving tank using a closed, automated system (such as an enclosed conveying screw). Dust emission from the transfer container is minimised, for example, by using a top cover with a filter cloth. The closed dissolving reactor is filled with water. Dissolution is performed at 80 - 100 °C for approximately 2 hours. Ascending vapour is condensed in a cooling unit and returned to the vessel. AMT forms in the water.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 4: Transfer of dissolved material to sedimentation tank or filtration - Since the dilution contains marginal amounts of insoluble components, the suspension is pumped into a sedimentation tank or it may be filtered. The pumping lasts approximately 0.5 hour. The temperature of the suspension is 70 - 80 °C. Sedimentation takes place in a closed system for approximately 10-12 hours. If filtration is used, it also takes place in a closed system.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 5: Transfer of the dilution to an evaporator - After sedimentation or filtration is completed, the supernatant is pumped into an evaporator.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 6: Evaporation of water / concentration - A high fraction of the water is evaporated to reach a certain concentration of AMT solution. Temperature: 100 - 105 °C Time: 6 - 8 hours
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 7: Filtration - The concentrated dilution is filtered for approximately 0.5 hours.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 8: Crystallisation of AMT - To crystallise the AMT, the filtered concentrate is cooled at a temperature less than 25°C for approximately 5 - 6 hours.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 9: Filtration - The crystalline suspension is released to a band filter. The mother liquor is filtered out of the suspension. The filtration period is approximately 5 - 6 hours at a temperature < 25 °C.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 10: Drying of AMT Sludge - The AMT sludge is dried (for example, in a flow dryer). The dust-loaded air is released from the dryer over a filter system using an exhaust air fan. De-dusting of the filters occurs automatically. The incurring dust is returned to the process.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 11: Transfer to a mixer - The dried AMT is conveyed to a mixer using a bucket conveyer. The transfer is conducted at room temperature.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 12: Mixing operation - Blending of the AMT powders in a batch at room temperature. Duration is less than 5 min. A sample of AMT may be collected for subsequent laboratory analysis.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 13: Quality control - The finished AMT powder may be analyzed in a laboratory.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 14: Packaging and shipping of AMT - The homogenised AMT powder is transferred into drums or big bags; each type of packaging is connected to the mixer discharge over a dust-proof collar. For certain grades of AMT (eg laboratory reagent grade), the AMT powder is packed in smaller containers. The sealed containers are shipped to the customer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Step 15: Maintenance and cleaning - Various maintenance and cleaning operations inside and outside the equipment.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Manufacture
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.