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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-614-1 | CAS number: 123-28-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 24.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 617.1 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
see additional information below
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- not required for inhalation studies
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Standard according to ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Standard AF for worker population (ECHA R.8)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- OECD Guideline, GLP study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 17.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 750 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
see additional information below.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Standard for subchronic to chronic exposure (ECHA R.8)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard allometry factor rat / human (ECHA R.8)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- standard according to ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Standard AF for worker population (ECHA R.8)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Worker inhalation long-term systemic:
Descriptor | Specification | Justification |
Starting point | 350 mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL from oral 90d repeated dose toxicity study |
Modification | 1/1 | Absorption oral / inhalation (poor absorption following inhalation is expected due to physical-chemical properties of the substance) |
Corrected NOAEC | 350 mg/kg bw/d x 1/0.38 x 6.7/10 = 617.1 | Corrected starting point considering respiratory volume of rat in 8 hours, additional activity for workers and considering oral / inhalation absorption |
Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies differences / Allometry | 1 | Not required for inhalation (ECHA R.8) |
Intraspecies differences | 5 | Standard AF for worker population (ECHA R.8) |
Other interspecies differences | 2.5 |
|
Exposure duration | 2 | Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8) |
Dose-response | 1 | NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8) |
Quality of the database | 1 | OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8) |
Remaining uncertainties | 1 |
|
Overall assessment factor | 1 x 5 x 2.5 x 2 x 1 x 1 x 1 = 25 |
|
DNEL | = 617.1 ÷ 25 = 24.7 mg/m3 |
|
Worker inhalation long-term local: no hazard identified
Worker inhalation short-term systemic: no hazard identified
Worker inhalation short-term local: no hazard identified
Worker dermal long-term systemic:
Descriptor | Specification | Justification |
Starting point | 350 mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL from oral 90d repeated dose toxicity study |
Modification | 50 % / 10% | Absorption oral / dermal (based on high molecular weight and high Log POW, dermal absorption of 10% is expected) |
Corrected NOAEL | 350 mg/kg bw/d x 50/10 = 1750 mg/kg bw/d | Corrected starting point considering oral / dermal absorption |
Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies differences / Allometry | 4 | Standard allometry factor rat / human (ECHA R.8) |
Intraspecies differences | 5 | Standard AF for worker population (ECHA R.8) |
Other interspecies differences | 2.5 |
|
Exposure duration | 2 | Standard for subchronic to chronic exposure (ECHA R.8) |
Dose-response | 1 | NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8) |
Quality of the database | 1 | OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8) |
Remaining uncertainties | 1 |
|
Overall assessment factor | 4 x 5 x 2.5 x 2 x 1 x 1 x 1 = 100 |
|
DNEL | = 1750 ÷ 100 = 17.5 mg/kg bw/d |
|
Worker dermal long-term local: no hazard identified
Worker dermal short-term systemic: no hazard identified
Worker dermal short-term local: no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 6.1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 304.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
please see additional information below.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required for inhalation (ECHA R.8)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- standard according to ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Standard AF for general population (ECHA R.8)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.75 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 750 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
please refer to the additional information below.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard allometry factor rat / human (ECHA R.8)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- standard according to ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Standard AF for general population (ECHA R.8)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.75 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
please refer to addtional information below.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8)
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Standard allometry factor rat / human (ECHA R.8)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- standard factor according to ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Standard AF for general population (ECHA R.8)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8)
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Consumer inhalation long-term systemic:
Descriptor | Specification | Justification |
Starting point | 350 mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL from oral 90d repeated dose toxicity study |
Modification | 1/1 | Absorption oral / inhalation (poor absorption following inhalation is expected due to physical-chemical properties of the substance) |
Corrected NOAEC | 350 mg/kg bw/d x 1/1.15 = 304.3 | Corrected starting point considering respiratory volume of rat in 24 hours and considering oral / inhalation absorption |
Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies differences / Allometry | 1 | Not required for inhalation (ECHA R.8) |
Intraspecies differences | 10 | Standard AF for general population (ECHA R.8) |
Other interspecies differences | 2.5 |
|
Exposure duration | 2 | Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8) |
Dose-response | 1 | NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8) |
Quality of the database | 1 | OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8) |
Remaining uncertainties |
|
|
Overall assessment factor | 1 x 10 x 2.5 x 2 x 1 x 1 = 50 |
|
DNEL | = 304.3 ÷ 50 = 6.1 mg/m3 |
|
Consumer inhalation long-term local: no hazard identified
Consumer inhalation short-term systemic: no hazard identified
Consumer inhalation short-term local: no hazard identified
Consumer dermal long-term systemic:
Descriptor | Specification | Justification |
Starting point | 350 mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL from oral 90d repeated dose toxicity study |
Modification | 50 % / 10% | Absorption oral / dermal (based on high molecular weight and high Log POW, dermal absorption of 10% is expected) |
Corrected NOAEL | 350 mg/kg bw/d x 50/10 = 1750 mg/kg bw/d | Corrected starting point considering rat oral / human oral absorption |
Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies differences / Allometry | 4 | Standard allometry factor rat / human (ECHA R.8) |
Intraspecies differences | 10 | Standard AF for general population (ECHA R.8) |
Other interspecies differences | 2.5 |
|
Exposure duration | 2 | Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8) |
Dose-response | 1 | NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8) |
Quality of the database | 1 | OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8) |
Remaining uncertainties | 1 |
|
Overall assessment factor | 4 x 10 x 2.5 x 2 x 1 x 1 = 200 |
|
DNEL | = 1750 ÷ 200 = 8.75 mg/kg bw/d |
|
Consumer dermal long-term local: no hazard identified
Consumer dermal short-term systemic: no hazard identified
Consumer dermal short-term local: no hazard identified
Consumer oral long-term systemic:
Descriptor | Specification | Justification |
Starting point | 350 mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL from oral repeated dose toxicity study with Irganox PS 800 |
Modification | 1/1 | Absorption oral rat / oral human (no indication that human absorption would diverge from that of the rat) |
Corrected NOAEL | 350 mg/kg bw/d x 1/1 = 350 mg/kg bw/d | Corrected starting point considering rat oral / human oral absorption |
Assessment factors |
|
|
Interspecies differences / Allometry | 4 | Standard allometry factor rat / human (ECHA R.8) |
Intraspecies differences | 10 | Standard AF for general population (ECHA R.8) |
Other interspecies differences | 2.5 |
|
Exposure duration | 2 | Standard for subchronic to chronic extrapolation (ECHA R.8) |
Dose-response | 1 | NOAEL used as starting point (ECHA R.8) |
Quality of the database | 1 | OECD Guideline, GLP study (ECHA R.8) |
Remaining uncertainties | 1 |
|
Overall assessment factor | 4 x 10 x 2.5 x 2 x 1 x 1 = 200 |
|
DNEL | = 350 ÷ 200 = 1.75 mg/kg bw/d |
|
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.