Diammonium propylenebis(dithiocarbamate)

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

02 Nov - 30 Nov 2007

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

2004

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

HPLC-UV/VIS

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations:
- Sampling method: Aliquots of the samples from the biological test were directly analysed by HPLC and UV/VIS-detection (range of the injection volume: 1-100 μL, depending on the expected
concentration).
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Routinely, the samples were analysed immediately. Only in exceptional cases, they were stored overnight deep frozen and protected from light.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared to give the desired series of test concentrations. To achieve this 20.0 mg (on 2007-11-06) and 19.9 mg (on 2007-11-07) of the test item were added each to 1 L of dilution water. Reconstituted water (so-called 'M4 medium') was used for the maintenance of the test animals and the preparation of stock and test solutions of the test item.
- Controls: blank control
- Test concentration separation factor: 2.2

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: parthenogenetic females
- Stage and instar at study initiation: neonates
- Method of breeding: well-established culture (15 years in the test facility)
- Source: Strain of Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin
- Feeding during test. no
- Food type: unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
- Amount: 'ad libitum'
- Frequency: 'ad libitum'

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not specified
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as maintenance conditions, different from test conditions
- Type and amount of food: unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
- Feeding frequency: 'ad libitum'
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Mortalities of parent Daphnia during the culture period were recorded daily in a semiquantitative way.

METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES, INCLUDING CULTURING CONDITIONS:
-The neonates were separated from their parent Daphnia by filtration prior to the acute test.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

14.9 dH (=266 mg/L CaCO3)

Test temperature:

20.0 °C to 20.3 °C

pH:

7.9 to 8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.6 mg/L to 8.7 mg/L (97% saturation)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.43, 0.94, 2.07, 4.55 and 10 mg/L (nominal concentration)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL glass beakers
- Volume of solution: 20 mL of test medium
- Aeration: none
- Type of flow-through: semi-static system
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily renewal of medium
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (so-called 'M4 medium') was used for the maintenance of the test animals and the preparation of stock and test solutions of the test item.
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark
- Light intensity. illumination< 1000 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- The criterion of adverse effects used in this study was the item-induced alteration of the normal mobility behavior and the loss of locomotory actions of the neonates, observed at 24 and 48 hours.

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- A range-finding test preceded the main test. It provided information about the range of concentrations which were used in the main test.

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

1.76 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% confidence limits not determined to mathematical reasons

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

1.76 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 0.33 - <= 0.54

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

0.09 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 0.33 - <= 0.54

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.31 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% confidence limits not determined to mathematical reasons

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.42 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 0.33 - <= 0.54

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

0.08 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% confidence limits not determined to mathematical reasons

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: no
- Immobilisation of control: no

The results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations at 24 h and 48 h. Recovery rates ranged from 103.4 – 24.4 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 9.0 – 21.3 % of nominal values in the media after 24 h of exposure. Only the test item concentrations 0.43 mg/L, 2.07 mg/L and 10 mg/L were analytically determined. The test item concentrations 0.94 mg/L and 4.55 mg/L were calculated on base of the mean recovery rate of the corresponding higher and lower concentration. The geometric values after 24 h and 48 h were used to calculate the effective concentrations by probit analysis.

Validity criteria for the measurement of the daphnia toxicity

Target condition according to guideline:	Actual condition according to the study:	Validity criteria met:
In the control, including the solubilising agent, not more than 10 % of the daphnids should have been immobilized. (Not more than 10 % of the control daphnids should show immobilisation or other signs of disease or stress, for example, discoloration or unusual behaviour such as trapping at surface of water)	Immobilization of control: 0%	yes
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be >/= 3 mg/L in control and test vessels.	Dissolved oxygen concentration was 8.6-8.7 mg/L in control and test vessels.	Yes
Test concentrations: At least five test concentrations should be used. They should be arranged in a geometric series with a separation factor preferably not exceeding 2.2. The highest concentration tested should preferably result in 100 % immobilization, and the lowest concentration tested should preferably give no observable effect.	Within the test five concentrations with a spacing factor of 2.2 were used. The no observable effect concentration as well as the 100% immobilization concentration were within this concentration range.	yes

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

See 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Conclusions:

The test substance had an effect on the mobility of daphnia magna. Highest test concentration resulting in 0% immobilisation (EC0-48h) was 0.08 mg/L. Lowest test concentration resulting in 100% immobilisation (EC100-48h) was 1.76 mg/L. The EC50-48h was 0.31 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test substance to Daphnia magna under semi-static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test’. The Daphnia were exposed to nominal test concentrations of 0.43, 0.94, 2.07, 4.55 and 10 mg/L of the test substance dissolved in water. Observations were made on the the normal mobility behaviour and the loss of locomotory actions after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations at 24 h and 48 h as recovery rates ranged from 103.4 – 24.4 % of nominal values (reshly prepared media) and from 9.0 – 21.3 % of nominal values (media after 24 h of exposure). Highest test concentration resulting in 0% immobilisation (EC0-48h) was 0.08 mg/L. Lowest test concentration resulting in 100% immobilisation (EC100-48h) was 1.76 mg/L. The EC50-48h was 0.31 mg/L.

Description of key information

The study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test substance to Daphnia magna under semi-static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test’. The Daphnia were exposed to nominal test concentrations of 0.43, 0.94, 2.07, 4.55 and 10 mg/L of the test substance dissolved in water. Observations were made on the the normal mobility behaviour and the loss of locomotory actions after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations at 24 h and 48 h as recovery rates ranged from 103.4 – 24.4 % of nominal values (reshly prepared media) and from 9.0 – 21.3 % of nominal values (media after 24 h of exposure). Highest test concentration resulting in 0% immobilisation (EC0-48h) was 0.08 mg/L. Lowest test concentration resulting in 100% immobilisation (EC100-48h) was 1.76 mg/L. The EC50-48h was 0.31 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

0.31 mg/L