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EC number: 234-679-1 | CAS number: 12023-27-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is highly insoluble in water, hence indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- For Read-Across Justification please refer to Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted: 13. April, 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name: Titanium dioxide (bulk)
- Supplier: Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- Lot No.: SZB90960
- Purity: 99.1%
- Appearance: White powder
- Storage conditions: Room temperature - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: 300 mL of the test solution sampled at the start of the test and after 48 hours later
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not specified - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: because of the low water-solubility of the substance Water-Accommodated Fractions (WAF) were according to OECD guideline 23 (OECD, 2000); 0.101 g test substance filled into 1,000 mL volumetric flask and M4 medium filled up to 1,000 mL marker
- Stirring: yes, stirred for 48 hours
- Settling: settled in separatory funnel for 24 hours, precipitate removed
- Differential loading: a limit test was performed (limit loading rate:100 mg/L in nominal)
- Controls: negative control (M4 medium only), positive control using Potassium dichromate as reference substance at concentrations of 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 1.60 and 3.20 mg/L (geometric series 2.0, nominal concentration)
- Evidence of undissolved material: no, WAF was performed and precipitate removed after a settling period of 24 hours - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Age at study initiation: not specified
- Source: Health Care Research Laboratory, KTR
- Age of parental stock: not specified
- Feeding during test : no
- Breeding concditions:
Photo period:16 hours light, 8 hours darkness
Feed: fed daily in the morning with Chlorella vulgaris - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 205.8 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20.7 °C (Min. 20.4 - Max. 20.8) °C
- pH:
- 7.89 (Min. 7.67 - Max. 8.05)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.92 mg/L (Min. 7.52 - Max. 8.22 ) mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal loading rate (mg/L) : 0 (negative control), 100
Measured conentration:
at the start of the test: 0.04 mg/L (non-filtered test solution), <0.02 mg/L (filtered test solution, <0.45 μm PTFE membrane filter)
after 48 hours: 0.03 mg/L (non-filtered test solution), <0.02 mg/L (filtered test solution, <0.45 μm PTFE membrane filter) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: not specified
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M4 medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not specified
- Photoperiod: 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobilisation , abnormal behavior
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, no immobilisation observed up to 1000 mg/L, therefore in the main study a limit test with the limit loading rate of 100 mg/L (nominal) was performed - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities:
none
- Other biological observations:
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Immobilisation of control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no as WAF was performed - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Results for positive conctrol not reported.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable as a limit test was performed
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a GLP-compliant Daphnia sp., Acute immobilisation limit test according to OECD 202 (adopted:13. April, 2004) the 24 and 48-hour EL50 and NOELR were determined to be >= 100 mg/L and 100 mg/L (nominal), respectively.
- Executive summary:
A 48-hour Daphnia sp., Acute immobilisation test according to OECD Guideline 202 (adopted:13. April, 2004) with titanium dioxide was performed under static conditions and in compliance with the GLP principles. Because of the very low water solubility of titanium dioxide the test solutions were prepared by using Water Accommodated Fractions in accordance with OECD Guideline 23 (2000). Five daphnids (Daphnia magna) were exposed in four replicates to a limit loading rate of 100 mg test substance/L. In addition, a negative control (5 daphnids in 4 replicates) and a positive control with the reference substance Potassium dichromate were performed. The results of the test are expressed as loading rates: The 24 and 48-hour EL50 and NOELR were determined to be >= 100 mg/L and 100 mg/L (nominal), respectively.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- For Read-Across Justification please refer to Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 91.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not reported in OECD SIDS report
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name: non-nano-scale pigment Titanium dioxide
- Surface coating: no
- TiO2-content (%): 99.4
- Particle size (nm): 200-300
- Specific surface area (m2/g): 6 - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- not reported
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Breeding temperature: 20(+/-) 2 °C
- Feed: fed daily with a suspension of the unicellular green alga Desmodesmus - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not specified
- Hardness:
- total hardness: 2.02-2.86 mmol/L
- Test temperature:
- 20(+/-) 2 °C
- pH:
- 7.7-8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentration (mg/L): control, 1, 10, 100
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: not specified
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: not specified
- Volume of solution: not specified
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: not specified
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not specified
- Photoperiod: 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness
- Light quality: artificial light
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mobility
RANGE-FINDING STUDY : not specified - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 91.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- not reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test with Daphnia magna according to OECD Guideline 202 the 48-hour EC50 and EC10 were determined to be >100 mg/L and 91.2 mg/L (nominal), respectively.
- Executive summary:
A Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test according to OECD Guideline 202 was performed to assess the short-term toxicity of titanium dioxide to aquatic invertebrates. Five daphnids (Daphnia magna) in four replicates per treatment were exposed to nominal test item concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. In result, the 48-hour EC50 and EC10 were determined to be >100 mg/L and 91.2 mg/L (nominal), respectively.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- For Read-Across Justification please refer to Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name : ultrafine TiO2
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- not specified
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not specified
- Hardness:
- not specified
- pH:
- not specified
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations : 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Only one test chamber per treatment each with 10 daphnids was used (1 replicate).
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- After 48 hours of exposure no immobility was observed for the test item concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not reported
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In an Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test according to OECD Guideline 202, Daphnia magna was exposed to test item concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/L. In this study only one test chamber per treatment each with 10 daphnids was used (1 replicate). As a result, no immobility was observed in any treatment throughout the test duration of 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour EC50 was determined to be > 100 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- For Read-Across Justification please refer to Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: not further specified
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Users guide: procedures for conducting Daphnia magna toxicity bioassays. EPA-660/8-87/011. March 1987
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: American Society for testing and materials. Standard E729, Guide for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians, 1986
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name : Titanium dioxide
- Appearance : white powder - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Age at study initiation: not specified
- Stage and instar at study initiation: not specified
- Source: not specified
- Age of parental stock: not specified
- Feeding during test : not specified
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not specified
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES, INCLUDING CULTURING CONDITIONS: not specified - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not specified
- Hardness:
- not reported
- Test temperature:
- not reported
- pH:
- not reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not reported
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not reported
- Details on test conditions:
- not reported
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: not further specified
- Details on results:
- not reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50 values were calculated by probit analysis.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a Daphnia magna toxicity bioassay the 48-hour EC50 of titanium dioxide was determined to be > 1000 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Measured concentration by ICP-OES analysis (non-filtered)
Loading rate (mg/L) |
Mean measured concentration (mg/L) |
|
0-hour |
48-hour |
|
Control |
ND |
ND |
100 |
0.04(+/-)0.01 |
0.03(+/-)0.01 |
* ND : Not detected
Table 2. Measured concentration by ICP-OES analysis (filtered)
Loading rate (mg/L) |
Mean measured concentration (mg/L) |
|
0-hour |
48-hour |
|
Control |
ND |
ND |
100 |
< 0.02 |
< 0.02 |
* ND : Not detected
* 0.02 : Bottom limit of quantitation
Table 3. Cumulative immobility of Daphnia magna
Loading rate (mg/L) |
Number of daphnia tested |
Number of immobilized daphnia |
|
24-hour |
48-hour |
||
Control |
20 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
Table 4. Symptoms on intoxication of the test substance to Daphnia magna
Loading rate (mg/L) |
Symptoms of intoxication |
|
24-hour |
48-hour |
|
Control |
NOR |
NOR |
100 |
NOR |
NOR |
* NOR : Normal
Description of key information
The study on short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates with diiron tetanium pentaoxide does not need to be conducted because the substance is highly insoluble in water, hence indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur (study scientifically not necessary). However, by applying an analogue approach the 48-hour EC50 for the target substance was determined to be > 100 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Non-submission justification
Diiron titanium pentaoxide was assessed in three guideline studies to be sparingly soluble in water (references 4.8-2, 4.8-3 and 4.8-1). In a worst case approach the water solubility of the test item was determined to be 2.715 µg/L at a temperature of 20 °C (please refer to the endpoint summary in IUCLID section 4.8). Furthermore, the maximum of the mono-modal particle size distribution was observed at approximately between 10 µm and 20 µm. The D10, D50 and D90 percentile were determined as L10 = 7.07 µm, L50 = 13.1 µm and L90 = 22.9 µm, respectively. Considering these physicochemical properties, TiFe2O5 is unlikely to cross biological membranes (please also refer to IUCLID section 7.1). Therefore, in accordance with the criteria given in column 2 of Annex VII to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH), the study on short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates is considered scientifically not necessary and was waived.
Nevertheless, information available for the read across source substances titanium dioxide (CAS 13463-67-7) and diiron trioxide (CAS 1309-37-1) is summarized below.
Titanium dioxide
Data from four guideline studies with the source substance titanium dioxide (bulk form) are publicly available.
A 48-hour Daphnia sp., Acute immobilisation test according to OECD Guideline 202 (adopted:13. April, 2004) with titanium dioxide was performed under static conditions and in compliance with the GLP principles. Because of the very low water solubility of titanium dioxide the test solutions were prepared by using Water Accommodated Fractions in accordance with OECD Guideline 23 (2000). Five daphnids (Daphnia magna) were exposed in four replicates to a limit loading rate of 100 mg test substance/L. In addition, a negative control (5 daphnids in 4 replicates) and a positive control with the reference substance Potassium dichromate were performed. The results of the test are expressed as loading rates: The 24 and 48-hour EL50 and NOELR were determined to be >= 100 mg/L and 100 mg/L (nominal), respectively (reference 6.1.3 -1). The study was classified to be reliable without restrictions (Klimisch 1).
Further, a reliable (Klimisch 2, reliable with restrictions) Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test according to OECD Guideline 202 was performed to assess the short-term toxicity of titanium dioxide to aquatic invertebrates (reference 6.1.3 -2). Five daphnids (Daphnia magna) in four replicates per treatment were exposed to nominal test item concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. In result, the 48-hour EC50 and EC10 were determined to be >100 mg/L and 91.2 mg/L (nominal), respectively.
This result is supported by an additional Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test according to OECD Guideline 202. Daphnia magna was exposed to test item concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/L. In this study only one test chamber per treatment each with 10 daphnids was used (1 replicate). As a result, no immobility was observed in any treatment throughout the test duration of 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour EC50 was determined to be > 100 mg/L (reference 6.1.3 -3).
In another Daphnia magna toxicity bioassay the 48-hour EC50 of titanium dioxide was determined to be > 1000 mg/L. The study was regarded not assignable (Klimisch 4) as its documentation is not sufficient for assessment (reference 6.1.3 -4).
Key information on short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates provided in public ECHA REACH dossiers for the read across substances titanium dioxide and diiron trioxide
Titanium dioxide
In the public ECHA REACH dossier for titanium dioxide (last accessed on: 18 March 2020) it is concluded that dispersions of microsized tinanium dioxide are not acutely toxic to freshwater and marine invertebrates up to at least 1000 and 10,0000 mg/L (EC/LC50: > 1000 and > 10,000), respectively. Taking into account that microsized titanium dioxide is sparingly soluble in water, the substance is considered to be not acutely toxic to aquatic invertebrates up to its solubility limit.
Diiron trioxide
Referring to the public ECHA REACH dossier for the read across substance diiron trioxide (last accessed on: 18 March 2020) the observed 48-hour EC50 on Daphnia magna was found to be >/= 100 mg/L.
Conclusion
The study does not need to be conducted as diiron titanium pentaoxide is highly insoluble in water and unlikely to cross biological membranes, hence indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur. This conclusion is supported by assessments for the structural analogues diiron trioxide (CAS 1309-37-1) and titanium dioxide (CAS 13463-67-7) demonstrating that short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates is not to be expected. Both source substances are neither classified for short-term (acute) nor long-term (chronic) aquatic toxicity according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
Target and source substances are metal-containing inorganic oxides. The target substance diiron(III) titanium pentaoxide is a mixed oxide of titanium dioxide and diiron trioxide. The source substances share the common atoms Ti, O and Fe with the target substance and have very similar physicochemical properties. Therefore, based on an analogue approach, diiron titanium pentaoxide is also not considered acutely toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Additional data on short-term toxicity of diiron titanium pentaoxide to aquatic invertebrates are thus scientifically not necessary. Following a weight of evidence approach and based on the most reliable information for the source substance TiO2 (reference 6 .1.3-1) the EC50 for diiron titanium pentaoxide is determined to be > 100 mg/L.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.