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EC number: 226-641-8 | CAS number: 5444-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 02 Jul - 02 Aug 2001
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO Standard 14593: Water quality - Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of inorganic carbon in sealed vessels
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Minimum temperatures below the guideline range of 22 ± 2°C were recorded on days 1, 2 and 3.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3120 (Sealed Vessel Carbon Dioxide Production Test)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 310 (Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in Sealed Vessels (Headspace Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): A sample of activated sludge was collected from one of the return lines at Burley Menston sewage treatment works (Yorkshire water) which treats predominantly domestic sewage.
- Storage conditions: On arrival in the laboratory, the sample was aerated by means of a compressed air supply. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Initial conc.:
- 1.39 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- inorg. C analysis
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: 10 mL/L solution (1) and 1 mL/L of each of solutions (2), (3) and (4) which were composed as follows: (1) 8.4999 g/L KH2PO4, 21.75 g/L K2HPO4, 33.3995 g/L Na2HPO4*2H2O, 0.4996 g/L NH4Cl, (2) 36.4004 g/L CaCl2*2H2O, (3) 22.5014 MgSO4*7H2O, (4) 0.25 g/L FeCl3*6H2O and one drop concentrated HCl
- Test temperature: 18.8 - 19.5 °C on the first three days, then 20.2 - 22.7 °C
- Suspended solids concentration in the medium: 4 mg/L
- Shaking: continuous shaking at 135 rpm
- Amount of sludge in the medium: 0.59 mL/L
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: "125 mL" glass serum bottles with a capacity of approx. 160 mL, sealed with rubber stoppers and aluminium crimp caps.
- Liquid/headspace ratio: 2:1
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 5
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Sampling was carried out on day 28
- Sampling method: 1 mL 7 M NaOH was injected through the rubber seal of each incubation flask and flasks were shaken for a further hour. Then, triplicate 1 mL samples of the liquid phase were drawn through the rubber plugs of each bottle using a gas-tight syringe.
- Sample storage before analysis: instant analysis
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes, 5 bottles
- Reference: yes, 5 bottles - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (inorg. C analysis)
- Value:
- 88
- St. dev.:
- 1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: percentage of theoretical inorganic carbon yield
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance attained 96 ± 3% degradation after 28 days, expressed as percentage of theoretical inorganic carbon yield.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12 Jun - 05 Aug 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 310 (Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in Sealed Vessels (Headspace Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 2006
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 14593, adopted 1999
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Five days before test start, a sample of activated sludge was obtained from the aeration tank of Worlingsworth sewage treatment works, which treats predominantly domestic waste.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: On the day of collection, the sample was passed through a sieve with a mesh of 1 mm2. A sub-sample (500 mL) was removed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 min and the supernatant removed. The sample was then made up to volume with mineral salts medium and centrifuged. This procedure was repeated twice and the sample was aerated until required. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: TOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral salts medium according to OECD guideline 301 was used.
- Solubilising agent: 0.094 mg Tween 85 was added to each vial
- Test temperature: 21.1 - 23.0 °C
- pH: 7.5
- Aeration of dilution water: The test vessels with medium were aerated for 5 days until test start.
- Suspended solids concentration: 4 mg/L culture medium
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 160 mL Wheaton vials containing 100 mL of culture
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 26 vials
- Measuring equipment: OI Model 1010 Carbon Analyser with autosampler
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Days 0, 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 21 and 28
- Sampling method: Injection of 7 M NaOH, shaking for 1 h, transfer of content to carbon analyser vials which were immediately sealed.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 26 vials - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 76.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - Degradation kinetics: The test substance attained 29.9, 50.6, 52.1, 61.6, 66.3 and 76.5% degradation after 3, 7, 8, 10, 14 and 28 days, respectively.
- At the end of the 10 day window, more than 60% degradation was reached. - Results with reference substance:
- Sodium benzoate attained 91.2% after 14 days and 93.6% after 21 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Ready biodegradable: 76.5% (CO2 evolution) in 28 days (OECD 310)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Ready biodegradability was assessed in two tests with domestic activated sludge as inoculum. The key study (Dickinson, 2008) was carried out according to OECD guideline 310 and GLP. Based on CO2 evolution, a degradation rate of 76.5% was determined after 28 days of incubation (the 10-day window was met). The biodegradation assessment is further supported by a non-GLP study carried out according to ISO Standard 14593 (Bealing, 2001).After 28 days of incubation, the substance attained 88% degradation based on CO2 evolution.
In conclusion, 2-ethylhexyl benzoate (CAS No. 5444-75-7) can be considered readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria.
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