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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 931-895-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Hypothesis for read-across: Cobalt dihydroxide and nickel dihydroxide are the main components of the target UVCB-substance, and considered the major drivers for adverse effects based on its properties and relative quantity in the substance. For read-across purpose, data from the constituents (cobalt dihydroxide and nickel dihydroxide) of the target UVCB-substance is used in the REACH registration. Well documented with individual Draize Scoring Scheme - The observation time was only until 72 hours after application of the test item. this observation time was not long enough to evaluate the reversibility of the irritating effect, but it could be observed that the irritating effect got better with the time passing. - The eyes were not examined 1 hour after application of the test item. - There was no statement if effect other than ocular were observed. - The purity and stability of the test item was missing.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 977
- Report date:
- 1977
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- , adopted 1987-02-24
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , see "rational for reliability"
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cobalt dihydroxide
- EC Number:
- 244-166-4
- EC Name:
- Cobalt dihydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 21041-93-0
- Molecular formula:
- CoH2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- cobalt(2+) dihydroxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cobalt hydrate powder
- Physical state: Fine, light pink powder with a slight odour
No further information on the test material was stated.
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Sweetwater farms
-No further information on the test animals was stated.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 g of the undiluted sample was applied to the right eye of each of six rabbits. The left eye of all rabbits was untreated and served as a cntrol.
No further information on amount/concentration applied was stated.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- In 3 of 6 rabbits the test material was left in the eye for 30 seconds . For the remaining three rabbits no statement regarding duration of treatment/exposure was made.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of the test material
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 rabbits
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): The treated eyes of three rabbits were irrigated following application with 200 ml of lukewarm tap water. The treated eyes of the three remaining received no further treatment.
- Time after start of exposure: Irrigation after 30 seconds
SCORING SYSTEM: Scoring of irritative effects was according to the method of Draize in which corneal, iris and conjunctival effects are scored separately. In this scoring system, injuries to the cornea and iris may represent as much as 80 percent of the total score. cornea and iris scores are heavily weighted because of their essential role in vision.
No further information on the study design was stated.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, and 72 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: Eyes were not rinsed after application of the test item.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Following application of cobalt hydrate powder without a rinse, no corneal opacity or iritis was noted at any time diuring the study. moderate to severe conjunctivitis was noted in all three rabbits and blistering of the lower lids was noted in two rabbits at the 24 to 48-hour reading. Mild to moderate conjunctivitis was generally noted in all of the rabbits at the 72-hour reading (for results see "Overall irritation/ corrosion results" above).
Following a 200 ml rinse 30 seconds after application of cobalt hydrate powder, no corneal opacity or iritis was noted during the study. At the 24-hour reading irritative effects noted included mild to moderate conjunctival erythema in all three rabbits, with bistering of the lower lids in one rabbit. At the 48-hour reading, mild conjunctival erythema was noted in one rabbit. No irritative effects were noted at the 72-hour reading (see "Remarks on results including tables and figures" for results; table 1).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Eye irritation scores in albino rabbits following application of 0.1 gram of cobalt hydrate powder followed in 30 seconds by irrigation with 200 ml of lukewarm tap water
Irritation parameter |
Basis |
Time point |
|
Max. Score |
Reversibility |
Remarks |
Cornea score |
Mean animal #4 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Iris score |
Mean animal #4 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Conjunctivae score |
Mean animal #4 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
1 |
2 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Chemosis score |
Mean animal #4 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Cornea score |
Mean animal #5 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Iris score |
Mean animal #5 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Conjunctivae score |
Mean animal #5 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0.67 |
2 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Chemosis score |
Mean animal #5 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Cornea score |
Mean animal #6 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Iris score |
Mean animal #6 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Conjunctivae score |
Mean animal #6 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0.33 |
1 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Chemosis score |
Mean animal #6 |
24, 48, and 72 hours |
0 |
0 |
|
Eyes rinsed after 30 seconds |
Justification for read-across: Cobalt dihydroxide and nickel dihydroxide are the main components of the target UVCB-substance, and considered the major drivers for adverse effects based on its properties and relative quantity in the substance. For read-across purpose, data from the constituents (cobalt dihydroxide and nickel dihydroxide) of the target UVCB-substance is used. According to section 1.5, annex XI of regulation (EC) 1907/2006, such studies do not need to be conducted, since adequate data from structurally analogous substances are available. Therefore read-across from these compounds is justified.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The following classification is based on the results obtained without rinsing the eyes after application.
According to the criteria specified by Directive 67/548/EEC and subsequent regulations, the test item is classified as not irritating.
According to the EC Regulation No. 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations, the test item is classified as Category 2.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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