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EC number: 204-352-8 | CAS number: 119-80-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-dithiodi(benzoic acid)
- EC Number:
- 204-352-8
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-dithiodi(benzoic acid)
- Cas Number:
- 119-80-2
- Molecular formula:
- C14H10O4S2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoic acid
- Test material form:
- other: Solid
- Details on test material:
- The test material had a purity of 75.7%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Alpk:APfSD
- Sex:
- male/female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Samples of dose formulation were analysed by HPLC
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 28 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
350 mg/kg
Basis:
other: Nominal in corn oil
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
150 mg/kg
Basis:
other: Nominal in corn oil
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
30 mg/kg
Basis:
other: Nominal in corn oil
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males and 5 females
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily, after dosing
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily, immediately prior to dosing
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Daily, immediately prior to dosing
FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule: Recorded continuously and calculated on a weekly basis
WATER CONSUMPTION: No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At termination
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (halothane)
- How many animals: All animals
- Parameters checked: Haemoglobin, total white cell count, red cell count, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and platelet count
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: At termination
- How many animals: All animals
- Parameters examined: Urea, creatinine, glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus (as phosphate), alkaline phosphatase activity, alanine transaminase activity, creatine kinase activity, aspartate transaminase activity and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity.
URINALYSIS: No
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No - Sacrifice and pathology:
- ORGAN WEIGHTS: Yes - testes, adrenal glands, kidneys and liver
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes - Adrenal glands, heart, kidney, liver and spleen - Statistics:
- All analyses were carried out using SAS (1989).
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: One female dosed at 700 mg/kg was found dead.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Alanine and aspartate transaminase activities were increased in the top dose males.
ORGAN WEIGHTS:
Kidney weights showed a dose related increase at all dose levels in males and in top/middle dose females.
Liver weights were increased in top dose males and in top/middle dose females.
Testis weights were increased at all dose levels.
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Discolouration of the stomach and intestines was seen in the animal which died.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: There were no treatment related effects in male rats. There was no adverse histopathology of the liver in female rates. Histopathological changes involving lithiasis was seen in all female dose groups.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 150 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The NOAEL for male rats was 150 mg/kg. A NOAEL for females or a NOEL for either sex was not established in this study. However the lowest dose of 30 mg/kg produced minimal toxicity in females.
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