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EC number: 235-183-8 | CAS number: 12124-97-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study performed to current guideline with no major deviation or deficiencies
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable – nominal concentrations only
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- no further details
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- Seed
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- Seed
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- Seed
- Test type:
- other: seedling emergence and growth test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- After 50% seedling emergence
- Test temperature:
- 10 to 36 degree C
- pH:
- not stated
- Moisture:
- 21% to 88%
- Details on test conditions:
- Dose rates
1020 mL stock solution added to 10.2 kg (dry weight) soil
Substrate characteristics
Sandy soil with 0.8% organic carbon content, salt content (as electrical conductivity) of 2465 µS/cm and a pH of 8.3.
Watering of the plants
Initial watering was via the surface to encourage germination. All subsequent watering was by sub-irrigation as required
Light regime
16 hours light and 8 hours darkness - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg bromide/kg
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- bromine
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- bromide
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- bromide
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- bromide
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- bromide
- Basis for effect:
- seedling emergence
- Species:
- Avena sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 180 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- bromide
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Details on results:
- no further details
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no further details
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis of the emergence and dry weight data for each species was performed using Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) and Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control (Dunnett 1955). All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer software package (SAS 1999 - 2001).
An estimate of the EC50 (emergence) and EC50 (growth) values was given by inspection of the data - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A study to OECD No 208 was performed to assess the effects of sodium bromide on the emergence and growth of three plant species.
Following a preliminary range-finding test, three plant species; two dicotylendonous species, soybean (Glycine max) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and one monocotylendonous species, oat (Avena sativa) were exposed to concentrations of 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg bromide/kg. The number of seedlings emerged and any mortalities and/or morphological abnormalities were determined daily for 21 days after 50% emergence in the control for each species.
The EC50 (emergence) and EC50 (growth) for the test material to soybean (Glycine max) based on nominal test concentrations were greater than 1000 mg bromide/kg. The No Observed Effect Concentration for emergence 1000 mg bromide/kg and growth was 560 mg bromide/kg however, as morphological effects were also observed therefore the overall No Observed Effect Concentration was considered to be 320 mg bromide/kg.
The EC50 (emergence) and EC50 (growth) for the test material to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) based on nominal test concentrations were greater than 1000 mg bromide/kg. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 1000 mg bromide/kg as no significant effect on emergence or growth was observed and no morphological effects were observed throughout the duration of the test.
The EC50 (emergence) and EC50 (growth) for the test material to oat (Avena sativa) based on nominal test concentrations were greater than 1000 mg bromide/kg. The No Observed Effect Concentration for both emergence and growth was 1000 mg bromide/kg however, morphological effects were observed therefore the overall No Observed Effect Concentration was considered to be 180 mg bromide/kg.
Analysis of the 10 g bromide/l stock solution used to prepare the test concentrations on Day 0 showed a measured test concentration of 98% of nominal value and so the results are based on nominal test concentrations only.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
A study to OECD No 208 was performed to assess the effects of sodium bromide on the emergence and growth of three plant species. The EC50 (emergence) and EC50 (growth) for the test material to the plants tested based on nominal test concentrations were greater than 1000 mg bromide/kg. The No Observed Effect Concentration for both emergence and growth was 1000 mg bromide/kg however, morphological effects were observed therefore the overall No Observed Effect Concentration was considered to be 180 mg bromide/kg to oat (Avena sativa).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 180 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.
A study to OECD No 208 was performed to assess the effects of sodium bromide on the emergence and growth of three plant species.
Three plant species were exposed to concentrations of 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg bromide/kg. The number of seedlings emerged and any mortalities and/or morphological abnormalities were determined daily for 21 days after 50% emergence in the control for each species.
The EC50 (emergence) and EC50 (growth) for the test material to the plants tested based on nominal test concentrations were greater than 1000 mg bromide/kg. The No Observed Effect Concentration for both emergence and growth was 1000 mg bromide/kg however, morphological effects were observed therefore the overall No Observed Effect Concentration was considered to be 180 mg bromide/kg to oat (Avena sativa).
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