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EC number: 287-625-4 | CAS number: 85566-16-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From Feb. 2022 to June 2022
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 218 (Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 13. April 2004
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Fish food was used as food for the larvae. In deviation from the requirements of the OECD test guideline 218 which requires the feeding of plant material instead of fish food for strongly adsorbing substances.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- SEDIMENT
- Concentrations: all test concentrations after application, lowest and highest after 0 and 7 d
- Sampling interval: after application (all), additional replicate for each concentration for analysis is available (see table 1 for details)
- Sample storage before analysis: All samples were frozen (at -20 ± 5 °C) immediately after sampling (and separation of the pore water) and were kept stored frozen until analysis
WATER
- Concentrations: lowest and highest
- Sampling interval: taken from water column without mixing from analytic replicate after day 0 and 7
- Sample storage before analysis: All samples were frozen (at -20 ± 5 °C) immediately after sampling (and separation of the pore water) and were kept stored frozen until analysis.
PORE WATER
The water column was removed from tets beaker (siphoned off). The remaining wet sediment was recorded before analysis. The pore water was obtained by centrifugation of the wet sediment at approximately 10’000 g for approximately 30 minutes at about 4 °C. The resultant overlaying water is defined as pore water. This pore water was sampled after recording the total pore water volume of each sediment.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone (test substance was poorly soluble in water)
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Pooling or mixing of different substrates: After evaporation, the sand was thoroughly mixed with the wet sediment from each single test vessel (120 g wet sediment) using a spatula and vortex mixer for 2–3 minutes.
- Details of spiking: defined amount of application solution (see table ) 10 g sand by distributing the solution dropwise over the whole surface
- Equilibration time: 2
- Equilibration conditions: same as test conditions
- Controls: analytical control after application
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: see table 2
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: yes
PREPARATION OF THE WATER-SEDIMENT SYSTEM
The spiked sediments were transferred from the mixing flasks into the test vessels at a layer of approximately 1.5 cm depth. This amount corresponded to 130 g wet weight with 46% water content (or 89 g dry sediment). Next, the sediment surface was protected with a plastic plate, which floated when the 250 mL M7 medium was poured into the vessel very slowly, taking care not to disturb the sediment. The resulting water column had a depth of 6 cm. Thus, the ratio of the depth of the sediment layer to the depth of the overlying water was 1:4. After filling the vessels with M7 medium, the plastic plate was removed. - Test organisms (species):
- Chironomus riparius
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: harlequin fly
- Source: maintained at IES Ltd Laboratories, fresh egg masses were used
- Details on collection: Twenty larvae of the first larval stage (three days old) were allocated randomly to each test vessel by means of a suitable pipette (four groups of five larvae each, per vessel).
- Breeding conditions: Six days before inserting the larvae into the test vessels, eight newly oviposited egg masses were taken from the test organism culture and deposited into small vessels in test water with a small amount of food (fish food suspension)
- Age of animals at beginning of exposure: 3 days, first-instar larvae
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: grounded fish food flakes suspended in test water
- Amount: 0.467 ml/vessel = 23 mg food/vessel on days -2, 0, 3, 5, 19, 21, 24 and 26; 0.934 ml/vessel = 47 mg food/vessel on days 7, 10, 12, 14 and 17.
- Frequency: at least three times per week - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Exposure phase:
- larvae from first generation (P)
- Hardness:
- 270 -360 mg/L as CaCo3 (see table 3)
- Test temperature:
- 18.8-19.7 °C (see table 3)
- pH:
- see table 3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- see table 3
- Ammonia:
- 0.367 - 5.1 mg/L see table 3
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: control, solvent control, 46, 100, 220, 460 and 1000 mg test item/kg sediment
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): Glass beakers (600 mL, approximately 8 cm in diameter)
- Sediment layer: 1.5 cm depth
- Weight of wet sediment with and without pore water: 130 g wet weight with 46% water content (or 89 g dry sediment)
- Water column: 6 cm depth
- Water volume: 250 ml
- Aeration: yes
- Aeration frequency and intensity: gently aerated through a glass Pasteur pipette, fixed above the sediment layer, continuously (except for larvae introduction, 2 h)
- Replacement of evaporated test water, if any: the water level did not change by more than 10 % during test. Level was filled up regularly with purified water
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 20
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3
- No. of replicates per control: 3
- No. of replicates per solvent control: 5
- Food type: grounded fish food flakes suspended in test water
- Amount: 0.467 ml/vessel = 23 mg food/vessel on days -2, 0, 3, 5, 19, 21, 24 and 26; 0.934 ml/vessel = 47 mg food/vessel on days 7, 10, 12, 14 and 17.
- Frequency: at least three times per week
RENEWAL OF OVERLYING WATER
- Details on volume additions:
OVERLYING WATER CHARACTERISTCS
- Type of water: reconstituted water ("M7-medium")
CHARACTERIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL SEDIMENT
- % dry weight of sphagnum moss peat: 4.5 (air dried, very finely ground to ≤ 1 mm)
- % sand: 75.5 (Quarzsand A 0.06 – 0.25 mm): 0.25 mm 1.5 %; 0.18 mm 16.5 %; 0.125 mm 54.5 %, 0.09 mm 23.5 %; <0.09 mm 4.0 %
- % kaolin clay: 20; (content of kaolinite: 52 %; content of Al2O3: 31.5 %)
- % Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): 0.42-0.43
- Composition (if artificial substrate):
- Method of preparation (if artificial substrate): All dry constituents were weighed in the correct portions. The finely ground peat was moistened with purified water by intense mixing using an ultra-turrax and then gentle stirring for three days at room temperature in the dark. Then all constituents (and some CaCO3) were thoroughly blended in a laboratory mixer to give a homogeneous wet sediment. With the added purified water, a sufficient moisture of the final sediment mixture was obtained.
- Moisture: 46 % of the sediment dry weight
- Metals [mg/kg]: Pb = 5.0, Cd= <0.1, Cr=13.3, Cu = 2.6, Mo <1, Ni =3.5, Hg < 0., Zn =15.1,
- pH whole sediment: 7.3
- Total organic carbon (%): 2.0 % based on dw
- Proof of absence of chemical contaminants: the sediment was analyzed for heavy metals and chemicals (study report: 421-0550, Labor Veritas AG) according to APO_LI_014 (version 04/13.09.2019). No pesticides were detected
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light to 8-hour dark
- Light intensity: 781–921 Lux (measured approximately at water surfaces of the test beakers)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Emerging ratio: day 10 to 28 (daily) (male, female and pooled sexes)
- Developmental rate separately or both sexes and for the pooled sexes
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
RANGE FINDING STUDY: yes
Three range finding studies were conducted. Study 1 (concentrations: 1.0, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg dry sediment, control and solvent control) and 2 (concentrations: 62.5, 1000 mg/kg dw sediment, control and solvent control were conducted with plant based food but were invalid. A third study with fish food was valid. As it was not possible to perform a valid study using plant diet (Urtica dioeca) and taking into account that the validation of the OECD test guideline 218 did not include a different diet than fish food, the diet was changed to the diet described in the study plan and a third range finding study was conducted.
Concentrations of third range finding study: 62.5, 1000 mg/kg dw sediment, control and solvent control - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 847 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- emergence rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: effect value for pooled sexes
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- development rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: effect value for female
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 901 mg/kg sediment dw
- 95% CI:
- 166 - 1 000
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- development rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: effect value for male
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- development rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: effect value for pooled sexes
- Details on results:
- see table 5
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 after 28 d was determined to be 847 mg/kg sediment dw for pooled sexes based on the emergence rate.
- Executive summary:
An experimental study according to OECD guideline 218 and GLP regulations was conducted to assess the long-term toxicity of the test item to Chironomus riparius. The spiked water-sediments were kept for two days under the test conditions to reach equilibrium between sediment and aqueous phases as pore water and overlying water before the introduction of the first-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius. First-instar larvae were exposed for a period of 28 days until full maturation of the larvae to adult midges. The test parameters of the study were development time/rate of the midges and emergence ratio as the number of male and female fully emerged midges. The test item was applied to an artificial sediment in static water-sediment systems. The nominal initial test item concentrations, calculated as concentrations of the test item in the dry sediment, were 46, 100, 220, 460 and 1000 mg test item/kg dry sediment. In parallel, a control (water-sediment systems without test item) and a solvent control (sediment treated with acetone without test item) were tested. The analytically measured concentrations of C13-C15-Alcohol in the application solution samples ranged from 97 to 99 % of the nominal values. This confirmed the correct preparation of the application solutions.
The total recovery of the nominal amounts of applied test item found in the sediment immediately after application (Day-2) ranged from 93 % to 103 % in all tested concentrations. Thus, the correct application of the test item could be verified.
For the quantification of the test item concentrations in the three compartments water, pore water and sediment, the concentration of the test item was analytically determined in a medium and in the highest tested concentration (220 and 1000 mg test item/kg dry sediment).
During the equilibration (Day -2 to 0) and the test period (Day 0 to 28), the test item concentration in the three compartments decreased slightly. The total recovery of the nominal amounts of applied test item found in the three compartments ranged from 82 – 90 % at test start (Day 0). After 7 days of exposure the recovery was further decreased to 74 – 80 % and at test end after 28 days of exposure 48 – 70 % of the nominal concentration was detected.
No adverse effect on the developmental rate of female organisms and for pooled sexes was observed up to the highest tested concentration. Therefore, the EC10 for theses endpoints was determined to be >1000 mg/kg sediment dw. For male organisms the EC10 was 901 mg/kg sediment dw. The most sensitive endpoint was the emergence rate of pooled sexes with a EC10 of 847 mg/kg sediment dw (see table 4 and 5 for details). In conclusion, slightly adverse effects of the test item to Chironomus riparius were observed at the highest tested concentration based on the emergence rate.
Reference
Table 4: Effect values based on the nominal initial test item concentrations in the water column
| 28-Days ECX Values | |||
Emergence Rate of Pooled Sexes | Developmental Rate | |||
Female | Male | All | ||
EC10 (95 % confidence limits) | 847 (n.d.) | >1000 | 901 166 – >1000 | >1000 |
EC15 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 |
EC50 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 | >1000 |
n..d.: not determined due to mathematical reasons or inappropriate data.
Table 5: Biological test results after 28 days of exposure
Parameters | Control | Solvent Control | Pooled Control | Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/kg dry sediment] | ||||
46 | 100 | 220 | 460 | 1000 | ||||
Sum of Introduced Larvae | 60 | 100 | 160 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
Sum of Emerged Adults | 57 | 93 | 150 | 55 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 49 |
Emerged as % of Introduced | 95 | 93 | 94 | 92 | 97 | 95 | 95 | 82 |
Emergence Ratio (Arcsin Transformed) | 1.39 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 1.28 | 1.46 | 1.39 | 1.39 | 1.13 |
% of pooled control | - | - | - | 96 | 109 | 104 | 104 | 84 |
Development Rate Females [day-1] | 0.060 | 0.059 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.056 | 0.055 | 0.055 | 0.057 |
% Inhibition compared to the pooled control | - | - | - | 2.7 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 3.6 |
Development Rate Males [day-1] | 0.063 | 0.064 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.060 | 0.059 | 0.057 | 0.057 |
% Inhibition compared to the pooled control | - | - | - | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 9.4 | 9.5 |
Development Rate All [day-1] | 0.062 | 0.062 | 0.062 | 0.059 | 0.058 | 0.057 | 0.056 | 0.057 |
% Inhibition compared to the pooled control | - | - | - | 4.9 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 7.3 |
Description of key information
The EC10 after 28 d was determined to be 847 mg/kg sediment dw for pooled sexes based on the emergence rate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment:
- 847 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
An experimental study according to OECD guideline 218 and GLP regulations was conducted to assess the long-term toxicity of the test item to Chironomus riparius (BASF, 2022). The spiked water-sediments were kept for two days under the test conditions to reach equilibrium between sediment and aqueous phases as pore water and overlying water before the introduction of the first-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius. First-instar larvae were exposed for a period of 28 days until full maturation of the larvae to adult midges. The test parameters of the study were development time/rate of the midges and emergence ratio as the number of male and female fully emerged midges. The test item was applied to an artificial sediment in static water-sediment systems. The nominal initial test item concentrations, calculated as concentrations of the test item in the dry sediment, were 46, 100, 220, 460 and 1000 mg test item/kg dry sediment. In parallel, a control (water-sediment systems without test item) and a solvent control (sediment treated with acetone without test item) were tested. No adverse effect on the developmental rate of female organisms and for pooled sexes was observed up to the highest tested concentration. Therefore, the EC10 for theses endpoints was determined to be >1000 mg/kg sediment dw. For male organisms the EC10 was 901 mg/kg sediment dw. The most sensitive endpoint was the emergence rate of pooled sexes with a EC10 of 847 mg/kg sediment dw (see table 4 and 5 for details). In conclusion, slightly adverse effects of the test item to Chironomus riparius were observed at the highest tested concentration based on the emergence rate.
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