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EC number: 946-400-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2004
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Pure manganese or Cl2-salt is used as test material.
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: please see "Details on test organisms"
- Details on test organisms:
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout), Salmo trutta (Brown trout), Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon), Heteropneustes fossilis (Indian catfish), Channa punctatus (Indian freshwater murrel) and Colisa fasciatus (Giant gourami) were used by different researches as test organism.
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Test temperature:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- pH:
- 7 - 8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Salinity:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Conductivity:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Details on test conditions:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)
- Effect conc.:
- 4.8 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Salmo trutta (Brown trout), 25 mg CaCO3/L
- Effect conc.:
- 3.8 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Salmo trutta (Brown trout), 250 mg CaCO3/L
- Effect conc.:
- 49.9 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon), 25 mg CaCO3/L
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon), 250 mg CaCO3/L
- Effect conc.:
- 17.4 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Heteropneustes fossilis (Indian catfish)
- Effect conc.:
- 3 350 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- MnCl2 is used as test material.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Channa punctatus (Indian freshwater murrel)
- Effect conc.:
- 3 010 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- MnCl2 is used as test material.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Colisa fasciatus (Giant gourami)
- Effect conc.:
- 2 850 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- MnSO4 is used as test material.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Colisa fasciatus (Giant gourami)
- Effect conc.:
- 3 230 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- MnSO4 is used as test material.
- Details on results:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not applicable because publication is a review.
- Conclusions:
- For fish, 96h LC50s range from 2.4 mg manganese/litre for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to 3350 mg manganese/litre for Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), with the lowest 96h LC50 values obtained under soft water conditions (25 mg calcium carbonate/litre).
Water hardness significantly affected manganese toxicity in tests with brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with toxicity decreasing with increasing hardness (2 - 250 mg CaCO3/L). - Executive summary:
For fish, 96 h LC50s range from 2.4 mg manganese/litre for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to 3350 mg manganese/litre for Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis).
Water hardness significantly affected manganese toxicity in tests with brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with toxicity decreasing with increasing hardness (25 - 250 mg CaCO3/L).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Labeo rohita is exposed to various pure chloride compounds of metals (amongs other manganese(II)-chloride) at various concentrations for a period of 96 hours. Both for LC50 and lethal acute toxicity trails, the concentrations tested for fish were started from zero with an increment of 0.05 mg/L and 5 mg/L (as total concentration) for low and high concentrations, respectively. The observations of fish mortality, temperature, pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia, sodium, potassium and carbondioxide were made at 12-h intervals during 96-h determination of LC50 and lethal concentrations (100% mortality) for the fish.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- No further details are given.
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Chemically pure MnCl2 is dissolved in deionized water for the preparation of desired stock solutions.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Labeo rohita
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rohu Carp
- Source: Fish Seed Hatchery, Faisalabad
- Age at study initiation: juvenile
- Length at study initiation: not specified
- Weight at study initiation: not specified
- Method of breeding: not specified
- Maintenance of the brood fish: not specified
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: two weeks
- Acclimation conditions: not specified
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: not specified
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: not specified
- Health during acclimation: not specified
FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: not specified
- Amount: not specified
- Frequency: not specified - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- other: dechlorinated tap water
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 100 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 30 °C
- pH:
- 7
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Both for LC50 and lethal acute toxicity trails, the concentrations tested for fish were started from zero with an increment of 0.05 mg/L and 5 mg/L (as total concentration) for low and high concentrations, respectively.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- age group: 30-day old fish
- Effect conc.:
- 64.13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- age group: 60-day old fish
- Effect conc.:
- 71.15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- age group: 90-day old fish
- Effect conc.:
- 73.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Remarks:
- age group: 30-day old fish
- Effect conc.:
- 99.82 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Remarks:
- age group: 60-day old fish
- Effect conc.:
- 110.54 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Remarks:
- age group: 90-day old fish
- Effect conc.:
- 108.74 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- mean value for all age groups
- Effect conc.:
- 70.96 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Remarks:
- mean value for all tested age groups
- Effect conc.:
- 106.98 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: no mortality among control fish
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1. Calculated 96 h LC50 and lethal concentrations (±SE) of iron, zinc, lead, nickel and manganese for Labeo rohita
Metals Age group of fish Mean 96 hr LC50 (mg/L) 95% conficence interval (mg/L) Mean lethal concentration (mg/L) Iron 30-day 49.75±2.78c 42.96 - 54.69 83.45 ± 5.14 b 60-day 53.18±2.74b 46.36 - 58.05 85.53 ± 5.37 b 90-day 58.18±2.74a 51.36 - 63.05 90.53 ± 5.37 a Zinc 30-day 26.23±1.35c 22.90 - 28.71 41.75±2.92b 60-day 28.36±1.38b 25.02 - 30.91 43.81 ± 2.84 b 90-day 31.37±1.70a 26.99 - 34.41 49.36 ± 3.37 a Lead 30-day 22.11±1.66c 17.91 - 25.11 38.80 ± 3.19 c 60-day 27.20±1.74b 22.90 - 30.36 45.24±3.26b 90-day 34.20±1.80a 29.70 - 37.53 52.36 ± 3.56 a Nickel 30-day 22.01 ±1.69c 18.07 - 25.20 39.14±3.05b 60-day 26.35 ±2.20b 20.97 - 30.43 50.32±4.59a 90-day 29.40 ±2.13a 24.15 - 33.24 51.47±3.88a Manganese 30-day 64.13±3.39b 56.06 - 70.48 99.82±6.63b 60-day 71.15±3.77a 62.04 - 78.08 110.54±7.04a 90-day 73.70±3.64a 64.63 - 80.30 108.74±6.44a Means with same letters in a single column/age group are statistically
similar at p< 0.05.
Table 2: Comparison of means
Mean concentrations (mg/L ± SD) forLabeo rohita Age groups 30-day 60-day 90-day LC50 concentrations 37.03±17.99 c 41.54±19.50 b 45.40±18.64 a Lethal concentrations 60.20±26.97 c 67.51±28.82 b 69.84±26.12 a Metals Iron Zinc Lead Nickel Manganese LC50 concentrations 54.30±3.37b 28.54±2.13c 27.65±5.34d 25.19±3.18 e 70.95±4.93 a Lethal concentrations 87.02± 1.41b 44.07±3.53d 46.01±5.79c 45.18±6.48cd 106.98±7.80a Means with same letters in a single row are statistically similar at p< 0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Among the three age groups, 90-days fish showed significantly higher tolerance than that of 60- and 30 -days fish. The mean 96h LD50 and the 96h LD100 over all three age groups are 70.95 ± 4.93 and 106.98 ± 7.80 respectively.
- Executive summary:
LC50 (96 h) value of manganese was recorded as 64.13 ± 3.39 mg L-1 for 30-days fish (Table 1), while for 60- and 90-days fish, it was 71.15 ± 3.77 and 73.70 ± 3.64 mg/L, respectively. Both 60- and 90-days age groups were statistically at par for their LC50 (96 h) and lethal manganese concentrations. However, for 30-, 60- and 90 -days age groups, lethal concentrations (LC100 (96h)) were recorded as 99.82 ± 6.63, 110.54 ± 7.04 and 108.74 ± 6.44 mg/L, respectively.
Among the three age groups, 90-days fish showed significantly higher tolerance than that of 60- and 30 -days fish. The mean LD50 (96 h) and the LD100 (96 h) over all three age groups are 70.95 ± 4.93 and 106.98 ± 7.80, respectively.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, LC50 (96h) determined according to APHA, AWWA and WPCF US standard methods. The given data indicate that the study was well performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US APHA, AWWA, WPCF
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Colisa fasciatus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: gourami
- Strain:
- Source: fish were collected locally (Gorakhpur, India)
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): adult
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 5.62 +/- 0.34 g
- Food type: powdered dried shrimp
- Amount: ad libitum
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 10 d
QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Duration: unknown
- Health/mortality: unknown - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 90 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- LC50 was determined for 96 h according US APHA, AWWA, WPCF
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 120 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25+/-1°C
- pH:
- 7.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.4 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass aquarium
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water
- Conductivity: 574 µohm
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: 7.3
- Photoperiod: natural photoperiod
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 2500 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2 850 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- LC50 (96h) in Colisa fasciatus was determined according to APHA, AWWA and WPCF US standard method. The reported 96h LD50 value is 2850 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In a 96-h acute toxicity study, gouramis (Colina fasciatus) were exposed to Manganese sulfate at nominal concentrations of 2500 mg/L, additionally to negative control, under static conditions. The 96 h LC50 was 2850 mg/L, determined according US APHA, AWWA and WPCF.
This toxicity study is classified as reliable with restrictions and satisfies the requirements under REACH to fulfill this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, LC50 (96h) determined according to APHA US standard method. The given data indicate that the study was well performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US APHA
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- no further data
- Test organisms (species):
- Colisa fasciatus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: gourami
- Source: fish were obtained from the local Ramgarh lake (Gorakhpur, India)
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): adult
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 5.93 +/- 0.28 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 5.74 +/- 0.28 g
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 15 d
- Type and amount of food: dried powdered shrimp
- Feeding frequency: 2-3 times/day
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): on healthy animals were used - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 165.33 +/- 6.17 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 24.33 +/- 1.69°C
- pH:
- 7.59 +/- 0.06
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.65 +/- 0.08 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquarium
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 30 L fill volume
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): none
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water
- Conductivity: 258.33 +/- 18.87 µohm/cm
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 10 different concentrations - Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4 910 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- MnSO4
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: LC50 values vary from 4779 - 5043 mg/l
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4 540 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- MnSO4
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: LC50 values vary from 4345 - 4743 mg/l
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3 440 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- MnSO4
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: LC50 values vary from 3244 - 3647 mg/l
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3 230 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- MnSO4
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: LC50 values vary from 2948 - 3538 mg/l
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Static bioassays were computed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h according to the method given by APHA. Ninety-five percent confidence limits of LC50 values were determined according to the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The given data indicate that the test was well performed and the results can be considered as reliable. The LC50 values are 4910, 4540, 3440 and 3230 mg/L after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively.
- Executive summary:
In a 96-h acute toxicity study, gouramis (Colina fasciatus) were exposed to Manganese sulfate at nominal concentrations of at least 10 different concentrations, additionally to negative control, under static conditions. The LC50 (96 h) was 3230 mg/L.
This toxicity study is classified as reliable with restrictions and satisfies the requirements under REACH to fulfill this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No standard duration (7d), two non-standard species (Tench, brook trout), no raw data listed, translation from German report, results provided as 'average time to death'. However, the given information indicate that the tests were well performed.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Invertebrate species (common carp, tench, rainbow trout, brook trout) are exposed to the test substance at a range of concentrations for a period of 7 days. Death is recorded immediately when occuring or latest at the end of the exposure period. The results are given as "Durchschnittliche Letalitätszeit" (Average time to mortality).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- No further details are given.
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The manganese salt was directly added to Munich tap water, concentrations were calculated as mg/l metal. Prior to salt addition, water was softened by neutralisation with the corresponding amount of acid, i.e. 17.4 ml HCl conc. per 40 L water.
- Test organisms (species):
- other: common carp, tench, rainbow trout, brook trout
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISMS
- Common name: common carp, tench, rainbow trout, brook trout
- Names as cited in report (German): Karpfen, Schleien, Regenbogenforellen, Bachsaiblinge - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Test report states "Average time to death" of all used animals, no LC50 values are given. Since OECD Guideline 203 (acute toxicity) requires a 96 h test duration, LC100 values are determined from average time to death greater or equal to 4 days.
- Hardness:
- 14,8°dH
- Test temperature:
- 14-16°C resp. 16-18°C
- pH:
- neutralized, exact value not given
- Dissolved oxygen:
- aerated solution, no exact value given
- Salinity:
- no data
- Details on test conditions:
- Test vessel holds 40 L, no further data given.
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, one-summer carp
- Effect conc.:
- >= 800 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, one-summer tench
- Effect conc.:
- 1 800 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, one-summer rainbow trout
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, one-summer brook trout
- Effect conc.:
- >= 150 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, two-summer carp
- Effect conc.:
- 2 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 1 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, two-summer tench
- Effect conc.:
- 2 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 34 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, two-summer rainbow trout
- Effect conc.:
- 600 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 41 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC100, two-summer brook trout
- Effect conc.:
- 600 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Mn2+
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Tab. 1: Average time to death, one-summer carp, 5 animals
Mn-Conc., mg/L
Average time to death
Surviving animals
2000
24 h
-
1800
25 h
-
1000
2 d, 15 h
-
900
3 d, 6 h
-
800
4 d, 4 h
-
700
5 d, 3 h
-
650
6 d, 15 h
-
600
7 d
5
Tab. 2: Average time to death, one-summer tench, 5 animals
Mn-Conc., mg/L
Average time to death
Surviving animals
5000
25 h
-
2000
2 d
-
1800
4 d
-
1500
6 d, 18 h
-
1300
7 d (4 animals), 6 d, 17 h (1 animal)
4
1200
7 d
5
Tab. 3: Average time to death, one-summer rainbow trout, 3 animals
Mn-Conc., mg/L
Average time to death
Surviving animals
700
10 h
-
600
13 h
-
300
1 d, 20 h
-
150
3 d, 5 h
-
100
5 d
-
75
7 d
3
Tab. 4: Average time to death, one-summer brook trout, 3 animals
Mn-Conc., mg/L
Average time to death
Surviving animals
700
15 h
-
600
23 h
-
300
2 d, 18 h
-
150
4 d, 19 h
-
100
7 d
3
Tab. 5: Average time to death, comparison between one-summer and two-summer fish
Species
Mn-Conc., mg/L
Average time to death, one-summer fish
Average time to death, two-summer fish
Carp
2000
24 h
48 h
Tench
2000
48 h
168 h
Rainbow trout
600
13 h
34 h
Brook trout
600
23 h
41 h
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The given concentrations regard the metal only. The LD100 values for manganese range from > 100 mg/L (one-summer rainbow trout) to 2000 mg/L (two-summer carp and two-summer tench). In general, the toxicity is higher for one-summer fish than for two-summer fish. Additionally, although there are some deficiencies in the test report, the determined endpoints can be considered as reliable.
- Executive summary:
The LD100 values for manganese range from > 100 mg/L (one-summer rainbow trout) to 2000 mg/L (two-summer carp and two-summer tench). In general, the toxicity is higher for one-summer fish than for two-summer fish.
The exact LD100 values are as follows:
One-summer carp: > 800 mg/L (after 96h)
One-summer tench: 1800 mg/L (after 96h)
One-summer rainbow trout: > 100 mg/L (after 96h)
One-summer brook trout: > 150 mg/L (after 96h)
Two-summer carp: 2000 mg/L (after 48h)
Two-summer tench: 2000 mg/L (after 1 week)
Two-summer rainbow trout: 600 mg/L (after 34h)
Two-summer brook trout: 600 mg/L (after 41h)
.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: study conducted according to OECD guidelines; quality assurance and GLP certificates; read-across
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- No details given.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- No details given.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- No details given.
- Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Details on test organisms:
- No details given.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No details provided.
- Hardness:
- No details provided.
- Test temperature:
- 24 +/- 1°C
- pH:
- min: 7.1 - max : 7.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations were over 60% of the saturation value (8.25 mg/L at 24.0°C)
- Salinity:
- Not applicable.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Measured concentrations of the test substance were within +/- 20% of the nominal concentrations.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 (range finding test)
- Biomass loading rate: 10 fish/concentration (definitive test)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: fluorescent light; 16 hours light/8 hours dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): toxicological symptoms and deaths
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality and toxicological symptoms
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality and toxicological symptoms
- Details on results:
- No details provided.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- None reported.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Measured concentrations of the test substance were within +/- 20% of the nominal concentrations. Results were based on the nominal concentrations.
No toxicological symptoms nor any death were observed at 100 mg/L (limit test).- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Validity criteria (e.g. mortality in the control, constant conditions, dissolved oxygen concentration, concentration of the test substance) were met.
- Conclusions:
- NOEC/LC0 (96 h) > 100 mg/L
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of sodium gluconate (CAS 527-07-1) towards fish was determined according to OECD Guideline 203 in compliance with GLP. A range finding test (5 fish/vessel/concentration) was conducted before the definitive test. Based on the results of the range finding test, only two concentrations were tested in the definitive test: 0 and 100 mg/L (limit test). Oryzias latipes served as test organism.
10 fish/concentration were used for the definitive test. Neither toxicological symptoms nor any death were observed at 100 mg/L. Conclusively, the NOEC/LC0 (96 h) was set to > 100 mg/L based on the nominal concentration.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
There is no data available for the target substance manganese glucoheptonate on acute toxicity towards fish. However, there is data available for the source substances sodium gluconate, manganese sulfate and manganese chloride. This data is used within a frame of a weight-of-evidence approach to assess the toxicity of manganese glucoheptonate.
The key value for chemical safety assessment for freshwater fish was set to the lowest LC50 tested in a recommended species (according to OECD TG 203). The selected LC50 (96 h) value is 4.8 mg MnCl2/L. It was determined in Oncorhynchus mykiss (WHO, 2004). Converted to the registered substance this corresponds to a LC50 (96 h) of 37.34 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 37.34 mg/L
Additional information
sodium gluconate
The acute toxicity of the source substance sodium gluconate (CAS 527-07-1) towards fish was determined according to OECD Guideline 203 in compliance with GLP (OECD SIDS, 2004). A range finding test (5 fish/vessel/concentration) was conducted before the definitive test. Based on the results of the range finding test, only two concentrations were tested in the definitive test: 0 and 100 mg/L (limit test). Oryzias latipes served as test organism. 10 fish/concentration were used for the definitive test. Neither toxicological symptoms nor any death were observed at 100 mg/L. Conclusively, the NOEC/LC0 (96h) was set to >100 mg/L based on the nominal concentration.
manganese compounds
The lethal concentrations of manganese was determined for manganese compounds like MnSO4 and MnCl2 for a variety of fish species. The studied species found in literature are comprised of Channa punctatus, Colisa fascinatus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Labeo rohita, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutto. The LC50 and LC100 found in literature were converted to the target substance MnGHA.
Abdullah et al. (2007) recorded a LC50 (96 h) of 64.13 ± 3.39 mg/L for manganese on 30-days old fish (Labeo rohita), while the LC50 (96 h) for 60- and 90-day old fish, were 71.15 ± 3.77 and 73.70 ± 3.64 mg/L, respectively. Both 60- and 90-days age groups were statistically at par for their LC50 (96 h) and lethal manganese concentrations. For 30-, 60- and 90-days age groups, lethal concentrations (LC100 (96 h)) were recorded as 99.82 ± 6.63, 110.54 ± 7.04 and 108.74 ± 6.44 mg/L, respectively. Among the three age groups, 90-days Labeo rohita showed significantly higher tolerance than 60- and 30-days fish. The mean LC50 (96 h) and the LC100 (96 h) over all three age groups are 70.95 ± 4.93 and 106.98 ± 7.80 mg/L, respectively. The calculated LC50 (96 h) for manganese glucoheptonate are 217.78, 241.6 and 250.3 mg/L for 30, 60 and 90-day old fish, respectively. The mean LC50 (96 h) for all groups is 241.3 mg/L. The calculated LC100 (96 h) for manganese glucoheptonate are 339.0, 375.4, 369.3 mg/L for 30, 60 and 90-day old fish, respectively. The mean LC100 (96 h) for all groups is 363.3 mg/L.
This result indicates, that manganese and manganese glucoheptonate is more toxic to younger Labeo rohita fishes.
Both, Agrawal (1980) and Nath (1987) tested the toxicity of manganese sulfate to gouramis (Colina fasciatus) in 96 hours toxicity studies. Agrawal (1980) used a nominal concentration of 2500 mg/L MnSO4, additionally to negative control, under static conditions. The LC50 (96 h) was 2850 mg/L, determined according US APHA, AWWA and WPCF. This reported LC50 for manganese sulfate corresponds to a LC50 of 8065.7 mg/L for manganese glucoheptonate. Nath (1987) tested MnSO4 at 10 different concentrations under static conditions and used negative controls, too. The derived LC50 (96 h) was 3230 mg/L, which corresponds to a LC50 of 9141.2 mg/L for manganese glucoheptonate. Other reported LC50 values are 4910 mg/L after 24h, 4540 mg/L after 48h and 3440 mg/L after 73h. Those reported values correspond to 13895.7, 12848.6, 9735.5 mg/L, respectively, for manganese glucoheptonate. Since Agrawal (1980) and Nath (1987) tested under similar conditions and used the same test species, the results can be compared. It can be concluded, that both LD50 values which were determined after 96 hours are quite similar and in the same range of magnitude.
Within a report of the WHO, published in 2004, various LD50 values for different fish species are reported for elemental manganese. The LC50 (96 h) range from 2.4 mg manganese/L for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to 3350 mg manganese/L for indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis). Water hardness significantly affected manganese toxicity in tests with brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with toxicity decreasing with increasing hardness (25 - 250 mg CaCO3/L). All calculated LC50 values for manganese glucoheptonate are summarized within Table 1. In general, the reported LC50 (96 h) for manganese glucoheptonate range from 18.7 mg/L (coho salmon) to 26057.5 mg/L (indian catfish).
Schweiger (1956) determined LC100s of manganese for four different species: carp, tench, rainbow trout and brook trout, Also, the author tested one-summer and two-summer fish. However, the study time was not consistent for all species and for one and two summer fishes. The determined LC100 values for manganese range from > 100 mg/L (one-summer rainbow trout) to 2000 mg/L (two-summer carp and two-summer tench). In general, the toxicity is higher for one-summer fish than for two-summer fish. The corresponding LC100 values for manganese glucoheptonate range from >777.8 mg/L (one-summer rainbow trout) to 15556.7 mg/L (two-summer carp and two-summer tench). All LC100 value are summarized in Table 1.
Conclusion
None of the used test organisms except Oncorhynchus mykiss are standard test organisms for the endpoint 'short term toxicity to fish'. The regarded studies indicate that almost all of the LC50 values of MnGHA on various fish species are clearly above the cut-off value for classification of 1 mg/L. It is shown, that water hardness influences the toxicity of manganese to Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus kisutch. In hard water (250 mg CaCO3/L) the toxicity of manganese was significantly lower than in soft water (25 mg CaCO3/L) (WHO, 2004).
Additionally, the toxic effect of manganese is depending on the age of fish. Abdullah et al. (2007) showed, that the LC50 and LC100 for Labeo rohita are lower for younger fish. Schweiger (1956) who tested carp, tench, rainbow trout and brook trout can to the same conclusion as Abdullah et al (2007): manganese is less toxic to two-summer fishes than one-summer fishes.
The key value for chemical safety assessment for freshwater fish was set to the lowest LC50 tested in a recommended species (according to OECD TG 203). The selected LC50 (96 h) value is 4.8 mg MnCl2/L. It was determined in Oncorhynchus mykiss (WHO, 2004). Converted to the registered substance this corresponds to a LC50 (96 h) of 37.34 mg/L.
Table 1: Lethal concentrations (LC) derived from studies performed with various manganese compounds and converted to manganese glucoheptonate (MnGHA).
Species | Duration of exposure | Dose descriptor | Mn GHA (70%) mg/L | Impact | Reference |
Colisa fasciatus | 24 h | LC50 | 13895.72 | Nath, 1987 | |
Colisa fasciatus | 48 h | LC50 | 12848.59 | Nath, 1987 | |
Colisa fasciatus | 72 h | LC50 | 9735.49 | Nath, 1987 | |
Colisa fasciatus | 96 h | LC50 | 9141.18 | Nath, 1987 | |
Colisa fasciatus | 96 h | LC50 | 8065.74 | Agrawal, 1980 | |
Labeo rohita, 30-day old fish | 96 h | LC50 | 217.78 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Labeo rohita, 60-day old fish | 96 h | LC50 | 241.62 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Labeo rohita, 90-day old fish | 96 h | LC50 | 250.28 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Labeo rohita | 96 h | mean LD50 for all age groups | 240.97 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Oncorhynchus mykiss | 96 h | LC50 | 37.34 | WHO, 2004 | |
Salmo trutta | 96 h | LC50 | 29.56 | soft water (25 mg CaCO3/L) | WHO, 2004 |
Salmo trutta | 96 h | LC50 | 388.14 | hard water (250 mg CaCO3/L) | WHO, 2004 |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | 96 h | LC50 | 18.67 | soft water (25 mg CaCO3/L) | WHO, 2004 |
Oncorhynchus kisutch | 96 h | LC50 | 135.34 | hard water (250 mg CaCO3/L) | WHO, 2004 |
Heteropneustes fossilis | 96 h | LC50 | 26057.49 | WHO, 2004 | |
Channa punctatus | 96 h | LC50 | 23412.85 | WHO, 2004 | |
Colisa fasciatus | 96 h | LC50 | 22168.31 | WHO, 2004 | |
Colisa fasciatus | 96 h | LC50 | 25124.09 | WHO, 2004 | |
Labeo rohita, 30-day old fish | 96 h | LC100 | 338.98 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Labeo rohita, 60-day old fish | 96 h | LC100 | 375.39 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Labeo rohita, 90-day old fish | 96 h | LC100 | 369.27 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Labeo rohita | 96 h | mean LD100 for all age groups | 363.3 | Abdullah et al, 2007 | |
Carp (one summer) | 96 h | LC100 | 6222.68 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Tench (one summer) | 96 h | LC100 | 14001.04 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Rainbow trout (one summer) | 96 h | LC100 | 777.84 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Brook trout (one summer) | 96 h | LC100 | 1166.75 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Carp (two summer) | 45 h | LC100 | 15556.71 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Tench (two summer) | 1 week | LC100 | 15556.71 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Rainbow trout (two summer) | 34 h | LC100 | 4667.01 | Schweiger, 1956 | |
Brook trout (two summer) | 41 h | LC100 | 4667.01 | Schweiger, 1956 |
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