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EC number: 295-523-6 | CAS number: 92062-09-4 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by treating slack wax with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. It consists predominantly of saturated straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly greater than C20.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable with restrictions because it is a well documented study following sound scientific principles.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Cancer of the scrotum in wax pressmen I. epidemiology
- Author:
- Hendricks, N.V., Linden, C.E., Berry, C.M., Lione, J.G., Thorpe, J.J.
- Year:
- 1 959
- Bibliographic source:
- AMA Arch Industrial Health 19:524-529
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Cancer of the scrotum in wax pressmen. II. Clinical observations
- Author:
- Lione, J.G. and Denholm, J.S.
- Year:
- 1 959
- Bibliographic source:
- A. M. A. Arch Industrial Health 19:530-539
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The incidence of scrotum cancer in wax pressmen was compared to the incidence of the general population. Details were collected on the wax pressmen.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- most likely 64742-61-6
- IUPAC Name:
- most likely 64742-61-6
- Reference substance name:
- Slack Wax (Carcinogenic or Unknown Feed-stock)
- IUPAC Name:
- Slack Wax (Carcinogenic or Unknown Feed-stock)
- Test material form:
- liquid: viscous
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The scrotal cancers observed were only among those men who had skin contact with aromatic oils which had been mechanically removed from thefeedstock's during the wax manufacturing process, suggesting that these cancers were not due to the waxy paraffins per se, but to aromatic constituents removed from the oils during wax manufacture. More than 10 years of exposure was necessary to develop scrotal cancer with an average exposure time of 23 years.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The scrotal cancers observed were only among those men who had skin contact with aromatic oils which had been mechanically removed from the feedstocks during the wax manufacturing process, suggesting that these cancers were not due to the waxy paraffins per se, but to aromatic constituents removed from the oils during wax manufacture. More than 10 years of exposure was necessary to develop scrotal cancer with an average exposure time of 23 years.
- Executive summary:
Scrotal cancers were reported in the late 1950s among wax pressmen. The slack wax would most likely be classified as 'crude' by current standards, and any entrained oil would most likely be classified as unrefined /acid treated lubricant base oil. Hendricks et al. (1959) examined the cancer incidence among 82 workers employed 10 or more years as pressmen in a wax manufacturing department at arefinery. Follow up from 1937 to 1956 indicated 19 workers had developed cancers, and 11 had cancers of the scrotum. The authors calculated the scrotal cancer rate as 806 per 100,000 men aged 45-64; the expected rate among white males of the same age was 0.15 per 100,000. There were also three cases of stomach cancer and three cancers of other digestive sites (no expected numbers were provided). The scrotal cancers observed were only among those men who had skin contact with aromatic oils which had been mechanically removed from the feedstocks during the wax manufacturing process, suggesting that these cancers were not due to the waxy paraffins per se, but to aromatic constituents removed from the oils during wax manufacture. Lione et al. (1959) provided details on the cases and indicated that there were no cases of scrotal cancer in workers who had been wax pressmen for less than 10 years. The range of exposure was 14 to 37 years with an average of 23 years.
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