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EC number: 202-626-1 | CAS number: 98-00-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP status unknown, no guidelines mentioned, published in peer reviewed literature, restrictions in design and / or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Study protocol based on Shelby MD, Erexson GL, Hook GJ and Tice RR (1993). Evaluation of a three-exposure mouse bone marrow micronucleus protocol: Results with 49 chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 21, 160-179.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Furfuryl alcohol
- EC Number:
- 202-626-1
- EC Name:
- Furfuryl alcohol
- Cas Number:
- 98-00-0
- Molecular formula:
- C5H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- (furan-2-yl)methanol
- Reference substance name:
- 2-Furancarbinol; 2-furanmethanol; furfuralcohol;α-furylcarbinol; 2-furylcarbinol; 2-hydroxymethylfuran
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-Furancarbinol; 2-furanmethanol; furfuralcohol;α-furylcarbinol; 2-furylcarbinol; 2-hydroxymethylfuran
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Furfuryl alcohol
- Physical state: Not reported
- Analytical purity: Not reported
- Lot/batch No.: Not reported
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- B6C3F1
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS: No details reported
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: No details reported
IN-LIFE DATES: Not reported
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: phosphate-buffered saline
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- once daily at 24 hour intervals (3 injections in total)
- Post exposure period:
- 24 hours after 3rd injection
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- cyclophosphamide
- Route of administration: Intraperitoneal injection
- Doses / concentrations: 15 mg/kg
Examinations
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION: Not reported
TREATMENT AND SAMPLING TIMES (in addition to information in specific fields): Mice were injected intraperitoneally three times at 24-hour intervals with furfuryl alcohol dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline; the total dosing volume was 0.4 mL. Solvent control animals were injected with 0.4 mL of phosphate-buffered saline only. The positive control animals received injections of cyclophosphamide. The mice were killed 24 hours after the third injection
DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION: Smears were prepared from bone marrow cells obtained from the femurs. Air-dried smears were fixed and stained
METHOD OF ANALYSIS: 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were scored for the frequency of micronucleated cells in each of five animals per dose group. In addition, the percentage of PCEs among the total erythrocyte population in the bone marrow was scored for each dose group as a measure of toxicity. - Evaluation criteria:
- 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were scored for the frequency of micronucleated cells in each of five animals per dose group. In addition, the percentage of PCEs among the total erythrocyte population in the bone marrow was scored for each dose group as a measure of toxicity. An individual trial is considered positive if the trend test P value is less than or equal to 0.025 or if the P value for any single dose group is less than or equal to 0.025 divided by the number of dose groups. A final call of positive for micronucleus induction is preferably based on reproducibly positive trials.
- Statistics:
- The frequency of micronucleated cells among PCEs was analysed by a statistical software package that tested for increasing trend over dose groups with a one-tailed Cochran-Armitage trend test, followed by pairwise comparisons between each dosed group and the control group (Margolin et al., 1990). In the presence of excess binomial variation, as detected by a binomial dispersion test, the binomial variance of the Cochran-Armitage test was adjusted upward in proportion to the excess variation.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- At a dose level of 250 mg/kg, all of the mice died.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Dose (mg/kg) |
Micronucleated PCEs/1000 PCEs |
Pairwise P values |
PCEs (%) |
0 (vehicle control) |
1.00±0.16 |
|
53.22±2.68 |
15.625 |
1.50±0.69 |
0.159 |
55.22±2.03 |
31.25 |
1.00±0.32 |
0.500 |
58.74±4.04 |
62.5 |
1.40±0.56 |
0.207 |
59.18±2.11 |
125 |
1.40±0.19 |
0.207 |
52.98±3.34 |
250 |
all mice died |
||
|
|
|
|
15 (positive control – cyclophosphamide) |
8.80±1.34 |
0.000 |
48.04±2.56 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
There was no induction of micronuclei noted in bone marrow cells of male B6C3F1 mice after administration of furfuryl alcohol by intraperitoneal injection. - Executive summary:
Male B6C3F1 mice were injected intraperitoneally three times at 24-hour intervals with furfuryl alcohol dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline; the total dosing volume was 0.4 mL. Vehicle control animals were injected with 0.4 mL of phosphate-buffered saline only. The positive control animals received injections of cyclophosphamide. The mice were killed 24 hours after the third injection, and smears were prepared from bone marrow cells obtained from the femurs. Air-dried smears were fixed and stained; 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were scored for the frequency of micronucleated cells in each of five animals per dose group. In addition, the percentage of PCEs among the total erythrocyte population in the bone marrow was scored for each dose group as a measure of toxicity.
There was no induction of micronuclei noted in bone marrow cells of male B6C3F1 mice after administration of furfuryl alcohol by intraperitoneal injection.
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