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EC number: 231-679-3 | CAS number: 7681-82-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin Irritation:
A Standard Draize test was performed to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical in rabbits. About 500 mg of the undiluted test chemical was applied to the rabbit skin and observed for signs of irritation till 24 hours. The test chemical developed skin reactions during the observation period. Hence the test chemical was moderately irritating to rabbit skin after 24 hours of exposure. Thuscomparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, Test chemical can be classified under the category “Category 2 (irritant)”.
Eye Irritation:
A Standard Draize test was conducted to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical. Rabbit eyes were exposed to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours and observed for effects. Exposure to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours showed moderate signs of irritation. Hence, the chemical was considered to be irritating to eyes. Thuscomparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, Test chemical can be classified under the category “Category 2 (irritant)”.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Justification for type of information:
- data is from RTECS
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standard Draize test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Standard Draize test was performed to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- no data available
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 500 mg
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24hours
- Observation period:
- 24hours
- Number of animals:
- no data available
- Details on study design:
- no data available
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- probability of moderate irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Moderately irritating to rabbit skin
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- In a standard Draize test, the test chemical was moderately irritating to rabbit skin after 24 hours of exposure.
- Executive summary:
A Standard Draize test was performed to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical in rabbits.
500 mg of the undiluted test chemical was applied to the rabbit skin and observed for signs of irritation till 24 hours.
The test chemical was moderately irritating to rabbit skin after 24 hours of exposure.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- data is from RTECS
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standard Draize test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Standard Draize test was conducted to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- no data available
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- undiluted
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 24 hours
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- no data available
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- no data available
- Details on study design:
- no data available
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- probability of moderate irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Signs of irritation observed
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- In a Standard Draize test, exposure to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours showed moderate signs of irritation.
Hence, the chemical was considered to be irritating to eyes. - Executive summary:
Standard Draize test was conducted to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical.
Rabbit eyes were exposed to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours and observed for effects.
Exposure to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours showed moderate signs of irritation.
Hence, the chemical was considered to be irritating to eyes.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin Irritation:
Various studieshas been investigated for the test chemical to observe the potential for dermal irritation to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments conducted for target chemicaland its structurally and functionally similar read across substanceswhich have beensummarized as below;
A Standard Draize test was performed to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical in rabbits.
About 500 mg of the undiluted test chemical was applied to the rabbit skin and observed for signs of irritation till 24 hours. The test chemical developed skin reactions during the observation period. Hence the test chemical was moderately irritating to rabbit skin after 24 hours of exposure.
The above result was supported by the primary skin irritation study conducted for read across chemical on male albino rabbits of the SPF- Russian strain in order to evaluate the dermal irritation potential caued by the chemical. About 500mg oftest chemical was applied onto the intact and abraded skin of each rabbit (6 rabbits/ group) at concentration of0.1%, 0.5%, 1.2% and 2.5%for the exposure period of 24 hours. The untreated sites were served as control.All the sites were rinsed after 24 hours and scores again at 24 and 48 hours. Since the chemical cause skin lesions, the test chemicalwas considered to be irritating to the skin of SPF- Russian rabbits.
The above result was supported by the skin irritation study conducted for another read across chemical on New Zealand white rabbits. During this study, the undiluted test chemical was applied on back of each rabbits under occlusive condition. The backs of 6 rabbits were clipped free of hair in an area of about 15 X 12 square cm. The backs of the animals were divided into quadrants. The animals were abraded in a 2 square mm cross-hatch pattern on the tattoo side by drawing a lancet across the skin, being careful not to penetrate the dermis. Two-one square inch areas on each rabbit were tested. Two unabraided additional 1 squre inch sites on each rabbit were also tested. 0.5 gram of crystalline test chemical were placed in a double layered 1 square inch gauze pad and affixed to the four test sites on each animal with adhesive tape. The gauze was moistened with about 1 mL of distilled deionized water and a polyethylene wrapper was placed over the bandages and wound around the trunk. The wrapper was secured with masking tape. The animals were placed in a restraining box and replaced in their individual cages. Water was available to the animals during the test. Since the test chemical caused moderate skin irritating effects, the test chemical was considered to be moderately irritating to the skin of New Zealand white rabbits.
All these studies lead to a conclusion that Test chemical is able to cause skin irritation and can be considered as irritating to skin. Hence, comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, Test chemical can be classified under the category “Category 2 (irritant)”.
Eye Irritation:
Various studieshas been investigated for the test chemical to observe the potential for ocular irritation to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments conducted for target chemicaland its structurally and functionally similar read across substanceswhich have beensummarized as below;
A Standard Draize test was conducted to determine the irritation potential of the test chemical. Rabbit eyes were exposed to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours and observed for effects. Exposure to 100mg of the undiluted test chemical for 24 hours showed moderate signs of irritation. Hence, the chemical was considered to be irritating to eyes.
An Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion Study of similar read across chemical was performed as per OECD guideline no. 405 in Rabbits. Rabbits free from injury of eye were selected for the study. In the initial test, 100 mg (0.1 g) of test item was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of animal no.1 whereas the left eye of the rabbit served as the control. Some swelling above normal (includes nictitating membranes) in all three animals. At 24 hours observation the rabbits were examined for corneal epithelium cell damage using sodium fluorescein strips and noticed 20%, 30% and 20% damage in animal no. 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The individual mean score for animal nos. 1, 2 and 3at 24, 48, 72 hours for corneal opacity, iris, conjunctiva and chemosis were found 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 1.67, 1.67, 1.00 and 0.33, 1.00, 0.67, respectively. Under the experimental conditions tested, all the three animals were fully reversible within an observation period of 7 days. Hence under the experimental test conditions, the test chemical was observed to be “Mildly irritating to eyes” of New Zealand White Female rabbit eyes.
The above results were supported by an eye irritation study performed on read across chemical according to US EPA Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, 1982. 0.1 g undiluted test chemical was instilled in to the eyes of 6 New Zealand White rabbits and observed for effects. The treated eyes were assessed1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment and on Day 8.A well– defined appearance to the conjunctival blood vessels, iridial congestion, a moderate or slight discharge and slight chemosis were observed in all rabbits one hour after treatment. No corneal lesions were observed. The observed changes resolved within 3 days after treatment and all eyes were normal by 8 days. The test chemical was considered to be slightly irritating to rabbit eyes.
The overall results were further supported by the ocular irritation potential study conducted on another read across chemical in rabbits. About 50 mg of the powdered substance was administered in to the eyes of Vienna White rabbits and observed for signs of irritation. The reactions were observed after 10min, 1 and 24hrs, 72 hours of exposure till day 8. After 10min, 1 and 24hrs, clear signs of inflammation with redness, swelling and cloudy corneal opacity were observed. All effects were still observable 72 hours after exposure, but were not visible by the end of the eight day observation period. The chemical was considered to be irritating to the eyes of Vienna White rabbits.
All these studies lead to a conclusion that the test chemical is able to cause eye irritation and can be considered as irritating to eyes. Hence, comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, Test chemical can be classified under the category “Category 2 (irritant)”.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The skin and eye irritation potential of test chemical was observed in various studies. The results obtained from these studies indicate that the chemical is likely to cause skin and eye irritation. Hence the test chemical can be classified under the category “Category 2 (irritant)” for skin and eye as per CLP.
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