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EC number: 206-323-5 | CAS number: 327-62-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2021-03-02 to 2021-04-xx
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 07 Decmber 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 23 March 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium propionate
- EC Number:
- 206-323-5
- EC Name:
- Potassium propionate
- Cas Number:
- 327-62-8
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6O2.K
- IUPAC Name:
- potassium propionate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0,12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L
- Sampling method: After 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h exposure, the additional vessels of NC, A, B, C, D and E were sampled: 2 samples of 1 mL per treatment group.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples were filled directly into 2 mL glass vials and stored in the freezer (≤ -18 °C). Of each sampled treatment, one of the analytical samples from 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was sent to the analytical laboratory at the test site biochemA GmbH for chemical analysis using an insulated box with thermal packs. The remaining samples were stored as retain samples in the freezer (≤ 18 °C) until finalisation of the study.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Controls: Test material was dissolved in OECD TG 201 medium which served as vehicle control
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) or suspension(s) including control(s)): The stock solution was prepared by adding 222 mg test item (including a factor of 1.11 to take into account the dilution caused by addition of the algal inoculum) to 1000 mL test medium and shaking rigorously.
The stock solution was used as highest test item concentration in the test. The further test item concentrations were prepared by diluting the stock solution with test medium according to the following scheme (spacing factor of 2).
- Test concentration separation factor: 2
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): No
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: Raphidocelis subcapitata
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): originates from the Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Goettingen.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Before the start of the test, 1.640 mL of the algae stock suspension was diluted with 48.360 mL test medium to obtain a concentration of 5 E+04 cells/mL. This pre-culture was incubated for 4 d at 22.6 – 23.0 °C and 80.3 µE m-² s-1 ± 6.2 % continuous lighting.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 21-24°C
- pH:
- The pH was 7.6 – 7.8 in the control and 7.6 – 7.9 in the test item treatment
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L,
chemical analysis revealed no difference between the nominal and the measured concentrations above 20% thus, all effect level are reported in relation to the nominal concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 100 mL volume, fill-volume: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 7 E+04 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 3.05 E+06 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): triplicate
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: The test vessels were continuously illuminated by LEDs (warm white) with a light intensity of 80.3 µE m-² s-1 ± 6.2 %.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorimeter
- Chlorophyll measurement: The algal biomass was monitored by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence after 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. From each test vessel, 200 µL test solution was transferred into a 96-well microplate and the fluorescence measured with the fluorescence microplate reader at an excitation wavelength of 465 nm and an emission wavelength of 670 nm.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: A preliminary range finding test without GLP was performed before the start of this GLP-study. Nominal concentrations of 4, 20 and 100 mg/L test item were tested and resulted in inhibition of -2.0 %, -0.8 % and 5.4 % for growth rate and -9.2 %, -3.0 % and 22.8 % for yield (72 h), respectively. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Chlorophyll fluorescence values are correlated with measured cell concentrations. The slope of the curve gives the conversion factor. By means of the conversion factor, the surrogate parameter chlorophyll fluorescence is converted into cell concentration.
Yield is defined as biomass (cell concentration) at the end of the test (72 h) minus biomass (cell concentration) at the start of the test (0 h). The mean yield is calculated for each test item concentration and the control. The inhibition of the yield is calculated according to the following formula:
%Iy = Yc-YT/Yc * 100
%Iy: Percent inhibition of yield
Yc: Mean for yield in the control
YT: Yield for the treatment replicate
The specific growth rates are calculated for each test concentration and the control according to the formula:
µi-j = lnXj - ln Xi/tj - ti (day-1)
µi-j: Average specific growth rate from time i to j
Xi: Biomass at time i
Xj: Biomass at time j
The coefficient of variation of the replicates (RSD, relative standard deviation) is calculated according to the formula:
RSD = Standard Deviation of the Mean / Mean*100
The percentage inhibition of the growth rate in relation to the control is calculated for each test vessel according to the following formula:
%Ir = µc -µT/µc * 100
%Ir: Percent inhibition in average specific growth rate
µc: Mean for average specific growth rate (µ) in the control
µT: Average specific growth rate for the treatment replicate
With the statistical software ToxRat Professional 3.3.0 (ToxRat Solutions GmbH, Alsdorf, Germany), ECx and LOEC/NOEC for yield and growth rate were determined.
ECx values were determined with nonlinear regressions.
LOEC/NOEC was determined with Shapiro-Wilk´s Test on Normal Distribution, Levene´s Test on Variance Homogenity, Trend analysis by Contrasts and Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Inhibition of yield after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h exposure
| Nominal test item | Inhibition of yield [%] | ||||||
| 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |||||
NC | -- | -- | -- |
| ||||
12.5 | -11.4 | 10.3 | 21.9 |
| ||||
25 | -40.7 | -23.3 | -20.0 |
| ||||
50 | -1.7 | 6.0 | 22.7 |
| ||||
100 | -2.0 | 14.1 | 19.3 |
| ||||
200 | -8.0 | 3.8 | 31.3 |
|
Table 2: Inhibition of growth rate after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h exposure
| Nominal test item | Inhibition of growth rate [%] | ||||||
| 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |||||
NC | -- | -- | -- |
| ||||
12.5 | -7.2 | 4.0 | 6.4 |
| ||||
25 | -23.5 | -7.8 | -4.6 |
| ||||
50 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 7.2 |
| ||||
100 | 0.6 | 5.7 | 5.6 |
| ||||
200 | -4.7 | 1.4 | 11.3 |
|
Table 3: Effect concentrations for yield and growth rate at the end of the test
(Lowest/No Observed) Effect Concentration | Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | |
95 % Confidence Limits (CL) | Yield (72 h) | Growth rate (72 h) |
EC50 | > 200 | > 200 |
CL | n.d. | n.d. |
EC20 | 112.4 | > 200 |
CL | n.d. | n.d. |
EC10 | 53.8 | 184.3 |
CL | n.d. | n.d. |
LOEC | 200 | 200 |
NOEC | 100 | 100 |
n.d.: not determined due to mathematical reasons or inappropriate data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results reported in the present study the 72h EC50 value for yield and growth rate of Raphidocelis subcapitata exposed to 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L dipotassium propionate is > 200 mg/L for both parameters. The respective NOEC was determined to be 100 mg/L for both parameters.
- Executive summary:
In a 72 hour acute toxicity study, the cultures of Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed to dipotassium propionate at nominal concentrations of {0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg a.i./L under static conditions in accordance with OECD TG 201 (March 2006). The NOEC and EC50 values based on yield and growth rate were 100 and 200 mg a.i./L, respectively. The % growth inhibition in the treated algal culture as compared to the control ranged from 5.6 to 11.3 %.
There were no compound related phytotoxic effects.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for a Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria study.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism: green alga (Raphidocelis subcapitata)
Test Type: Static
72 hr EC50: > 200.mg a.i./L} 95% C.I.: n.d.
72 hr NOEC: 100 mg a.i./L
Endpoint(s) Effected: yield and growth rate
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