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EC number: 443-870-0 | CAS number: 163520-33-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 08 Feb - 15 Feb 1999
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA OPP 123-2 (Aquatic Plants Field Study, Tier III), adopted in 1982
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all replicate test concentrations were analyzed at test start and after 96 h
- Sampling method: Approximately 50 to 60 mL was sampled from each freshly prepared test solution on Day 0 and Day 4. Approximately 30 mL of old test solutions (composite of replicate chambers within a treatment) was taken on Day 2 and Day 7.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: not reported - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Acetone
- A primary stock solution was prepared by weighing 200.4 mg of the test substance, transferring it to a 10 mL volumetric flask and bringing it to volume with acetone for a final concentration of 20 mg/mL. The 2.0 mg/L treatment concentration was prepared by the addition of 0.4 ml of the primary stock (20 mg/mL) into a sterile pre-measured 4 L Erlenmeyer flask filled with 20X-AAP medium. The 2.0 mg/L treatment concentration was allowed to stir for one hour in EC-3 at test temperature. A white, flaky precipitate was observed following the stirring procedure. A solvent control was prepared by the addition of 0.4 mL acetone in 4 L of sterile 20X-AAP media for a final solvent loading factor of 0.1 mL/L. The control treatment contained only 20X-AAP medium in a 4 L Erlenmeyer flask. - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Climate Stress Laboratory, USDA/ARS Beltsville Agricultural Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Cultures were maintained since 01 Apr 1998
- Method of cultivation: aseptic in 20X-AAP nutrient medium under continuous light
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): light intensity during 12 days acclimation was slightly different to main test: acclimation 4400 - 5400 lux, main test 4200 - 5800 - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- No details in report given, standard 20X-AAP medium was used.
- Test temperature:
- Freshly prepared solutions: 24.7 - 25.0 °C
Old solutions from treatment vessels: 23.2 - 24.5 °C - pH:
- Freshly prepared solutions: 6.8 - 7.4
Old solutions from treatment vessels: 8.4 - 8.5 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Freshly prepared solutions: 6.8 - 7.4 ppm, 82 - 88% saturation
Old solutions from treatment vessels: 8.3 - 10.1 ppm, 96 - 118% saturation - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 2 mg/mL
Measured in freshly prepared treatment solutions: 1.478 mg/mL (mean value from two measurements, maximum solubility)
Measured in 2 day-old solutions: not detectable - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: yes
- Test vessel: crystallizing dishes
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, fill volume: crystallizing dish, 1200 mL, 600 mL
- Type of cover:glass sheet
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): renewal every 2 days
- No. of plants per vessel: 5
- No. of fronds per plant: 3
- No. of fronds per vessel: 15
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, 20X-AAP medium
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: filter sterilized 20X-AAP medium prepared from deionized well water
- Total organic carbon: < 1.0 mg/L
- Particulate matter: < 9.0 mg/L
- Metals (mg/L): Ba 0.21, Ca 34.2, Mg 3.20, Mn 0.027, K 2.24, Na 5.79; 20 other metals were below quantification limit
- Pesticides: all 34 pesticides analyzed were below quantification limit
- Chloride: 8.2 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 0.0 mg/L
- Conductivity: 20 µmhos/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Discrete measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductivity were obtained on a representative sample of freshly prepared treatment solutions at test initiation (Day 0) and at renewal periods on Day 2 and Day 4. Discrete measurements were also performed on composite samples of replicates within treatments on Days 2, 4, and 7 (test termination).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: Growth medium was adjusted to pH of 7.5 ± 0.1 with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide
- Photoperiod: continuous light
- Light intensity and quality: 4200 - 5800 lux, warm white fluorescent tubes
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of frond number: Frond counts and abnormal appearance were visually evaluated with the aid of an illuminated light box on Days 2, 4, and 7
- Determination of biomass: area under the curve calculations
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentration: 1.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Average frond growth following 7 days of exposure for the solvent control and 1.0 mg/L treatment was 229 and 226, respectively. - Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1.478 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.478 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: The 2.0 mg/L treatment concentration was allowed to stir for one hour in EC-3 at test temperature. A white, flaky precipitate was observed following the stirring procedure. The concentration of 1.478 mg/L at test start represents the maximum solubility. No test substance was detectable in the old test media after 2 days.
- Deviation from specification: The discrete temperature of test solutions at test termination (Day 7) deviated from specification (25.0 ± 1 °C) at 23.1 °C for all treatments. The low temperature was believed to be a result of pooling test solutions. The continuous temperature was verified to be within the specified range of 25.0 ±1 °C. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
Reference
Mean number of fronds on Day 7 in the control, solvent control, and 1.478 mg/L treatment were 243, 244, and 240, respectively. The mean number of fronds in the pooled control chambers increased from 15 at study initiation to 244 at study termination representing an increase of 16 times. No phytotoxic effects were observed in the 1.478 mg/L treatment concentration.
Inhibition of biomass (area under the curve) and specific growth rate relative to the pooled controls were both 1%.
Description of key information
NOEC (7 d): ≥ 1.478 mg/L (initial measured, Lemna gibba, EPA OPP 123-2)
No acute toxic effects on Duckweed growth were observed at the maximum solubility of the test substance. However, the test substance hydrolyse completely during the course of the study.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A growth inhibition limit test with Duckweed (Lemna gibba G3) according to US-EPA OPP 123-2 (Aquatic Plants Field Study, Tier III) and GLP is available. In this semi-static 7-day exposure system (medium renawal: every 2 days), the test substance revealed no effects on Duckweed growth at its maximum solubility. However, due to hydrolysis during the study period at test termination, the test substance was not detectable in the test solution any more.
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