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EC number: 218-345-2 | CAS number: 2128-93-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 August to 03 October 2017 (experimental period)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- DETAILS ON TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lbatch: IGM Resins, batch no. 20161118
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 17/11/2017
- Purity test date: 16/11/2016
- Purity: 99.74%
- Test facility test item number: 208643/A
- Solubility in water: 0.0736 mg/L (determined at Charles River Laboratores Den Bosch).
- Appearance: white to off-white crystalline powder
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, protected from light
- Stability under test conditions: no data - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Control and all test concentrations
- Sampling method: 2.0 mL at 0, 24 and 72 hours. At 72 hours replicates with algae were pooled before sampling at 10, 18, 32 and 56% of the saturated solution. At 100 mg/L (100% saturated solution) replicates 2 and 3 were pooled before sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Stored in a freezer (= -15oC) until analysis. Samples were thawed at room temperature on the day of analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Test solution with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L were prepared by dissolving the test substance in algal culture medium. This solution was stirred for 3 days with magnetic stirrer to achive maximum dissolution of the test substance in the test medium. The aqueous mixture was filtered through 0.45 um membrane filter (RC55, Whatman). The resultant saturated solution was used as the highest test concentration. Lower test concentrations were prepared by dilution of aliquots of the saturated solution in algal test medium.
- Eluate: M2 (according to OECD 201 guideline) formulated with Milli-RO water
- Differential loading: No
- Controls: Algal test medium only
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): None
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): Test solutions were observed to be clear and colourless at the end of the preparation procedure - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: None
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Yes - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 21.0 - 23.5oC
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- No data
- Conductivity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100% of a saturated solution prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 6.6, 12, 23, 26, 34 and 40 ug/L (based on time weighted average) - Details on test conditions:
- CULTURE OF ALGAE
-Stock culture: inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C, with a light intensity of 60 to 120 µE/m2/s when measured in the photosynthetically effective wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm.
- Growth medium used: M1; according to the NPR 6505 (“Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505”) formulated using Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA).
- Composition: NaNO3 500 mg/L, K2HPO4.3H2O 52mg/L, MgSO4.7H2O 75mg/L, NaCO3.10H2O 54 mg/L, C6.H8O7.H2O 6 mg/L, NH4NO3 330 mg/L, CaCl2.2H2O 35 mg/L, C6H5FeO7xH2O 6 mg/L, H3BO4 2.9 mg/L.
PRE-CULTURE OF ALGAE FOR TEST
- 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of
1 x 104 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
-Growth medium: M2 according to the OECD 201 Guideline, formulated using Milli-RO water.
- Composition: NH4Cl 15 mg/L, MgCl2.6H2O 12 mg/L, CaCl2.2H2O 18 mg/L, MgSO4.7H2O 15 mg/L, KH2PO4 1.6 mg/L, FeCl3.6H2O 64 mg/L, NaEDTA.2H2O 100 mg/L, H3BO3 185 mg/L, MnCl2.4H2O 415 mg/L, ZnCl2 3 mg/L, CoCl2.6H2O 1.5 mg/L, CuCl2.2H2O 0.01 mg/L, NaMoO4.2H2O 7 mg/L.
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: not stated
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed (capped)
- Test vessels: 100ml, glass vessels, containing 50ml of test solution.
- Aeration: continuous shaking.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): None
- Initial cells density: 1x104 cells/ml
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 (1 or 2 replicates of each test concentrations without algae, 1 or 2 replicates of each test concentrations and the control for sampling after 24 hours)
- Test medium: M2 as detailed above.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: not stated
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: Continuously using TLD-lamps with a light intensity within the range of 97 to 98 µE.m-2.s-1.
- Salinity (for marine algae): Not applicable
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: At the beginning of the test, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter, cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength = 10 mm). Algal medium was used as blank.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: a range finder study/combined limit study was conducted to determine the testing concentrations.
- Test concentrations: range finder was conducted at 1.0 and 10% saturation solution concentrations.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (further details provided below)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 41 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Remarks:
- Biological relevance
- Effect conc.:
- 12 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Remarks:
- Statistical significance
- Effect conc.:
- < 6.6 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- (yield)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Remarks:
- Biological relevance
- Effect conc.:
- < 6.6 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- (yield)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 6.6 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- (yield)
- Details on results:
- effect was statistically significant but biologically not relevant (<10%)
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The Ec50 for growth rate inhibition, 72 hour ECr50 was 1.1mg/L (95% confidence limits of 1.1 to 1.1 mg/L). This lies within the historical ranges for growth rate inhibition lie between 0.82 and 2.3 mg/L.
The EC50 for yield inhibition (72 hour EyC50) was 0.36mg/L with a 95% confidence limit from 0.35 to 0.36mg/L. The historical range lies between 0.43 and 1.1mg/L. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 72-hour NOEC for growth rate inhibition for green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was 12 ug/L based on biological relevance and the EC50 was 41 ug/L based on time weighted mean concentrations.
- Executive summary:
A 72-hour toxicity study with the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, was conducted in accordance with the OECD test guideine 201 and in compliance with GLP.
The test was performed at nominal concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L, with test solutions prepared by dilution from a 100 mg/L saturated solution. The time-weighted measured concentrations were 6.6, 12, 23, 26, 34 and 40 ug/L, respectively.
Under the conditions of the test the EC50 for growth rate inhibition was 41 ug/L (37-45 ug/L 95% CI). The NOEC for growth rate inhibition was 12 ug/L, based on biological relevance.
This toxicity study is considered acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for toxicity to aquatic algae.
Reference
Effect parameters |
Results based on time-weighted average measured concentrations (ug/L) |
||||
NOEC (statistical significance) |
NOEC (biological relevance) |
EC10 |
EC20 |
EC50 |
|
Growth rate |
<6.6 |
12 |
33 (30-35) |
35 (33-38) |
41 (37-45) |
Yield |
<6.6 |
<6.6 |
14 (9.5-19) |
17 (12-24) |
26 (17-39) |
Values in parenthesis are 95% confidence limit
Growth rate and percentage inhibition at different time intervals.
4-PBZ concentration TWA (µg/L) |
N |
0-24 hours |
24-48 hours |
48-72 hours |
|||
Mean |
% Inhibition |
Mean |
% inhibition |
Mean |
% inhibition |
||
Control |
6 |
2.145 |
|
2.003 |
|
1.607 |
|
6.6
|
3 |
2.325 |
-8.4 |
1.622 |
19.0 |
1.607 |
0.0 |
12
|
3 |
2.303 |
-7.4 |
1.756 |
12.3 |
1.519 |
5.5 |
23
|
3 |
2.129 |
0.7 |
1.547 |
22.8 |
1.512 |
5.9 |
34 |
3 |
1.805 |
15.8 |
1.369 |
31.7 |
1.581 |
1.7 |
40 |
3 |
0.639 |
70.2 |
1.083 |
45.9 |
1.359 |
15.5 |
Yield and percentahe inhibition for the total test period.
4-PBZ concentration TWA (µg/L) |
Mean |
Standard deviation |
N |
% inhibition |
Control |
315.3 |
15.93 |
6 |
|
6.6
|
257.2 |
5.53 |
3 |
18.4* |
12
|
264.2 |
18.09 |
3 |
16.2* |
23
|
178.7 |
17.39 |
3 |
43.3* |
34 |
115.4 |
9.50 |
3 |
63.4* |
40 |
24.1 |
16.80 |
3 |
92.4* |
Description of key information
A 72-hour toxicity study with the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, was conducted in accordance with the OECD test guideline 201 and in compliance with GLP.
The test was performed at nominal concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L, with test solutions prepared by dilution from a 100 mg/L saturated solution. The time-weighted measured concentrations were 6.6, 12, 23, 26, 34 and 40 ug/L, respectively.
Under the conditions of the test the EC50 for growth rate inhibition was 41 ug/L (37-45 ug/L 95% CI). The NOEC for growth rate inhibition was 12 ug/L, based on biological relevance.
This toxicity study is considered acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirement for toxicity to aquatic algae.Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 41 µg/L
Additional information
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