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EC number: 234-634-6 | CAS number: 12018-10-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18/09/1990-21/02/1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline-compliant, GLP-compliant proprietary study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 991
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromoxid Extra
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromoxid Extra
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium (III) hydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-158-8
- EC Name:
- Chromium (III) hydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1308-14-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cr(OH)3
- IUPAC Name:
- 1308-14-1
- Details on test material:
- The test material 'Chromoxid extra' is described as a dark green powder of purity 99.6%
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Target gene:
- Reversion to histidine independence in Salmonella typhimurium
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Male rat liver S9 fraction (Aroclor 1254-induced)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 8, 40 200, 1000 and 5000 ug/plate; with and without S9
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Deionised water
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Remarks:
- not required
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- deionised water
- True negative controls:
- no
- Remarks:
- not required
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- sodium azide, nitrofurantoin, 4-NPDA, 2-aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Ames test (plate incorporation assay). Triplicate plates of each strain were exposed to the test material (in deionised water) for 48 hours.
- Evaluation criteria:
- Negative controls within the expected range;
Positive controls showing sufficient effects;
Reproducible and dose-related increase in mutant counts of at least one strain (2x for TA1535, TA100, TA98; 3x for TA1537) - Statistics:
- Not applicable
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Remarks:
- Precipitation was seen at 1000 and 5000 ug/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Exposure to the test material did not induce any increase in the number of revertant colonies of any bacterial strain. Positive control compounds induced large increased in the number of revertant colonies, confirming the sensitivity of the assay.
Treatment |
-S9 |
|||||||
Initial assay |
Confirmatory assay |
|||||||
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
|
Vehicle |
20 |
114 |
12 |
9 |
34 |
130 |
15 |
11 |
8 |
16 |
125 |
13 |
9 |
36 |
123 |
18 |
9 |
40 |
26 |
127 |
15 |
9 |
34 |
141 |
20 |
13 |
200 |
21 |
133 |
16 |
7 |
29 |
138 |
21 |
12 |
1000 |
22 |
109 |
11 |
7 |
34 |
132 |
17 |
13 |
5000 |
20 |
127 |
12 |
9 |
34 |
146 |
21 |
14 |
Nitrofurantoin |
382 |
416 |
||||||
4-NPDA |
86 |
56 |
105 |
58 |
||||
Sodium azide |
631 |
793 |
||||||
+S9 |
||||||||
Initial assay |
Confirmatory assay |
|||||||
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
|
Vehicle |
31 |
134 |
14 |
9 |
48 |
162 |
27 |
16 |
8 |
29 |
127 |
14 |
9 |
51 |
173 |
25 |
14 |
40 |
30 |
105 |
18 |
8 |
43 |
164 |
27 |
15 |
200 |
25 |
124 |
16 |
6 |
37 |
163 |
26 |
12 |
1000 |
25 |
125 |
16 |
9 |
35 |
174 |
23 |
14 |
5000 |
30 |
121 |
13 |
8 |
41 |
176 |
22 |
20 |
2-AA |
427 |
817 |
99 |
134 |
570 |
1297 |
242 |
68 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative (with and without metabolic activation)
No evidence of mutagenicity was seen under the conditions of this assay. - Executive summary:
The mutagenicity of chromium hydroxide was investigated in an Ames test (plate incorporation assay) using S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537. Four replicate plates of each strain were exposed to the test material (suspended in deionised water) at concentrations of 0, 8, 40, 200, 1000 or 5000 ug/plate in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (Aroclor 1254 -induced male rat liver S9 fraction). There was no evidence of cytotoxicity at the limit concentration; precipitation of the test material was seen at 1000 and 5000 ug/plate. Exposure to the test material did not induce increased numbers of revertant colonies of any strain. Appropriate positive control compounds induced large increases in the numbers of revertant colonies, confirming the sensitivity of the assay. Results were confirmed in an independently-repeated assay. No evidence of mutagenicity was seen under the conditions of this study. The results of this study, performed using chromium (III) hydroxide, can be extrapolated to the similarly water-insoluble chromium (III) oxide salt.
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