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EC number: 476-720-8 | CAS number: 768-35-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05 Oct 2016 - 06 Dec 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- 2013
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)
- Version / remarks:
- 2017
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- -
- EC Number:
- 476-720-8
- EC Name:
- -
- Cas Number:
- 768-35-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6 H6 B F O2
- IUPAC Name:
- (3-fluorophenyl)boronic acid
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- cattle
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Odenwaldschlachthof Brensbach, 64395 Brensbach, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 20-43 months
- Corneal diameter: 25 - 27 mm
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: cooled on ice
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: The corneas were prepared immediately after delivery of the eyes to the laboratory.
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: Eyes presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity and scratches were discarded.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Volume applied: 150 mg/750 µL
- Concentration: 20 % (w/v) in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution
VEHICLE
- Volume applied: 750 µL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 240 minutes at 32 +/- 1 °C
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 90 minutes (Corneal permeability)
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Three corneas were used per group (negative control, positive control and test item group).
- Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
All eyes were carefully examined macroscopically for defects. A rim of about 2 to 3 mm of tissue (sclera) was left for stability and handling of the isolated cornea.
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
Corneas presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity or scratches were discarded.
NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 3
NEGATIVE CONTROL USED: 0.9 % sodium chloride solution
POSITIVE CONTROL USED: Imidazole
APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME: 750 µL of a 20 % solution were applied for 240 minutes
TREATMENT METHOD: closed chamber
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: 3 times with washing medium
- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION: in fresh medium
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: baseline opacity was determined with a calibrated opacitometer, the light transmission through the corneas, given as lux value, was recorded in a table and thereafter converted into an opacity value (baseline opacity values).
- Corneal permeability: corneas were incubated again in an incubator in a horizontal position at 32 ± 1°C for 90 minutes, amount of fluorescein that crossed the cornea was measured spectrophotometrically 490 nm
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
The following formula (referring to OECD Guideline 437) was used to determine the In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) of the negative control:
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD490 value)
The following formula was used to determine the In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) of the positive control and the test item:
IVIS = corrected opacity value + (15 x corrected permeability OD490 value)
- The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was calculated for each individual treatment and positive control cornea. The mean In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) value of each treated group was calculated from the individual In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) values.
DECISION CRITERIA:
IVIS ≤ 3 No Category (according to GHS)
IVIS > 3; ≤ 55 No prediction can be made
IVIS > 55 Serious eye damage, Category 1 (according to GHS)
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
A test is considered acceptable if the positive control gives an IVIS that falls within two standard deviations of the current historical mean (IVIS positive control: 78.6 - 135.0).
The negative control responses should result in an IVIS that falls within three standard deviations of the current historical mean (IVIS negative control: -1.4 - 3.4).
A single test run with three corneas should be sufficient for a test item when the resulting classification is unequivocal. In cases of the following borderline results in the first testing run, a second test run should be considered.
- 2 of the 3 corneas give discordant predictions from the mean of all 3 corneas or
- 1 of the 3 corneas give discordant predictions from the mean of all 3 corneas, and the discordant result is >10 IVIS units from the cut-off threshold of 55.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Remarks:
- replicate 1
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 247.9
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Remarks:
- replicate 2
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 262.6
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Remarks:
- replicate 3
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 247.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Remarks:
- mean
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 252.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: yes
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes, IVIS 1.5
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes, IVIS 105.4
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline: negative control IVIS: -1.4 - 3.4, positive control IVIS: 78.6 - 135.0
The resulting classification of the test item in this study is unequivocal and no borderline results were obtained. Therefore, a single testing run composed of three corneas per group was considered sufficient.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1 Opacity, permeability and IVIS results
|
Opacity |
Permeability |
IVIS |
|||
per cornea |
per group |
Standard |
||||
Negative |
0.9% sodium |
3.0 |
0.000 |
3.000 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
0.001 |
1.915 |
||||
-0.5 |
-0.001 |
-0.515 |
||||
Positive |
20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl solution |
69.6 |
2.422 |
105.930 |
105.4 |
8.6 |
49.1 |
3.168 |
96.620 |
||||
72.9 |
2.720 |
113.700 |
||||
Testitem |
Test item 20 % in 0.9 % NaCl solution |
223.9 |
1.597 |
247.855 |
252.7 |
8.6 |
242.4 |
1.345 |
262.575 |
||||
220.5 |
1.810 |
247.650 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study the test item induces serious eye damage.
- Executive summary:
To determine the eye hazard potential the induced opacity and increased permeability was investigated in isolated bovine corneas according to OECD test guideline 437. The corneas were exposed to the test item as a 20 % (w/v) suspension in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. As negative control 0.9 % sodium chloride solution and as positive control 20 % (w/v) Imidazole was used. Three corneas were used per group (negative control, positive control or test item group).
After a first opacity measurement of the untreated bovine corneas, 750 µL of the suspended test item, positive or negative control were applied on the corneas and incubated for 240 minutes. After the incubation phase the test item, the positive, and the negative control were rinsed from the corneas and the opacity was measured again.
After the opacity measurements, the permeability of the corneas was determined by application of a fluorescein solution for 90 minutes. The amount of fluorescein solution that crossed the cornea was measured spectrophotometrically. The opacity and permeability assessments were combined to determine an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS).
After treatment with the negative control (0.9 % sodium chloride solution) the calculated IVIS was 1.5 (study acceptance criteria range: -1.4 - 3.4). Treatment with the positive control (20 % Imidazole) revealed an IVIS of 105.4 (study acceptance criteria range: 78.6 - 135.0). Therefore, the study fulfilled the acceptance criteria.
The IVIS obtained after treatment with the test item was 252.7 and, thus, higher than 55, i.e. according to OECD 437 the test item induces serious eye damage (UN GHS: Category 1).
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