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EC number: 257-446-6 | CAS number: 51818-55-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Remarks:
- Inhibition of Growth to the Alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06th June 2017 to 12th November 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- OECD Chemicals Testing Guideline No.201 Alga, Growth Inhibition Test (adopted 23 March 2006, Annex 5 corrected 28 July 2011)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Batch Number: E01133-065
Purity: 100%
Receipt Date 06 March 2017
Retest Date: 31 July 2019
Storage on Receipt: Refrigerated under nitrogen - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Chemical analysis showed the TI was stable over the 72-hour test period. However, as media was prepared as a saturated solution (based on behaviour of compound in test water and test substance purity), results were based on mean measured concentrations.
- Details on sampling:
- Measured test concentrations were determined from samples of test solution from treatment and control groups at the beginning of the test (new media) and the test end (old media).
- Vehicle:
- no
- Remarks:
- Initial solubility work was conducted under study number 3201780. It was concluded that saturated solution preparations were most appropriate for the test substance, based on behaviour of test substance in test water and 100% purity.
- Details on test solutions:
- Initial solubility work was conducted under study number 3201780. It was concluded that saturated solution preparations were most appropriate for the test substance, based on behaviour of test substance in test water and 100% purity.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organism, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Strain 278/4), was originally obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP) and is a representative species of the freshwater aquatic phytoplankton. This species is recommended for testing in accordance with the OECD regulatory guidelines.
Prior to testing, duplicate starter cultures were prepared and incubated under test conditions (as detailed in the attached Appendix 3) to obtain sufficient algal cells in exponential growth and to achieve a starting algae cell density of 1 × 104 cells/mL. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- Temperatures remained within 21–24 ºC, and were maintained within ± 2 ºC range established for the test, temperature range during the test was 22.0–23.1 °C.
- pH:
- The pH of the control and test solutions ranged from 7.96 to 7.97 at test initiation in solutions without algae. The pH tended to increase relative to increases in algal densities, which is typical for tests conducted with P. subcapitata. The pH in the control increased by a maximum of 1.51 units, which exceeds the OECD 201 guideline requirement of an increase, not greater than 1.5 units. This change in pH was not considered to be detrimental to this study since increases in pH of greater than 1.5 units are commonly observed and this change had no impact on the growth of the control, which met the established validity criteria for the test.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Analysis of the freshly prepared test solutions at 0 hours showed measured concentration of 1.15 mg/L (mean of two results).
Analysis of the 72-hour test solutions showed measured concentration of 1.20 mg/L (mean of two results).
Chemical analysis showed the test item was stable over the 72-hour test period. However, as media were prepared as a saturated solution (based on behaviour of test substance in test water and test substance purity), results were based on geometric mean measured concentrations. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- See attached Annex 1
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EyC50, EbC50 and ErC50 values
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Based on mean measured concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: All validity criteria were met therefore the test was considered valid.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Remarks:
- values for yield, biomass and specific growth rate after 72 hours
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Based on mean measured concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The corresponding NOEC values for yield, biomass and specific growth rate after 72 hours were ~1.18 mg/L, ~1.18 mg/L and 1.18 mg/L, respectively.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: Based on mean measured concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The 72 hour ErC10 value was calculated to be >1.18 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- All validity criteria were met therefore the test was considered valid.
- Conclusions:
- Based on mean measured concentrations, the 72-hour EyC50, EbC50 and ErC50 values were calculated to be > 1.18 mg/L, respectively.
The corresponding NOEC values for yield, biomass and specific growth rate after 72 hours were ~1.18 mg/L, ~1.18 mg/L and 1.18 mg/L, respectively.
The 72 hour ErC10 value was calculated to be >1.18 mg/L. - Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of the test substance against algal growth by exposing the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, at the exponential growth phase to the test substance during a 72-hour test period.
The test was conducted in accordance with OECD Chemicals Testing Guideline No. 201.
The definitive limit test was conducted at a nominal test concentration of 100% saturated solution. Six replicate vessels were prepared for the control and 100% saturated solution test group.
Test vessels (250 mL conical flasks) were prepared containing 100 mL of the appropriate test or control medium. Each test vessel was inoculated with
1 × 104 algae cells/mL and incubated at 21 - 24°C (under 4440 - 8880 Lux light intensity) for 72 hours with cell counts at 24-hour intervals.
Measured test concentrations were determined from samples of test solution from treatment and control groups at the beginning of the test (new media) and the test end (old media).
Analysis of the test samples at 0 and 72 hours are summarised in the table below.
Nominal Concentration (% saturated solution)
Measured Concentration (mg/L)
0 hours (New)
72 hours (Old)
Mean Measured Concentration (mg/L)
Control
-
-
-
100
1.15
1.20
1.18
-
None found
Chemical analysis showed the test item was stable over the 72-hour test period. However, as media was prepared as a saturated solution (based on behaviour of compound in test water and test substance purity), results were based on mean measured concentrations.
The 72-hour yield (EyCx), area under the growth curve (EbCx) and growth rate (ErCx) toxicity values, with corresponding no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values, are presented in the table below.
Toxicity values mg/L
Parameter 72 hours Confidence limits Statistical test
(LCL-UCL)
Growth Rate
ErC10 >1.18 NC
ErC20 >1.18 NC Linear Interpolation
(ICPIN)
ErC50 >1.18 NC
NOEC ~1.18 NC Equal variance t Two
Sample
Yield
EyC10 0.336 0.27-0.434
EyC20 0.785 0.612-1.05 Linear Interpolation
(ICPIN)
EyC50 >1.18 NC
NOEC ~1.18* NC Equal variance t Two
Sample
Area Under
the Curve
(Biomass)
EbC10 0.365 0.280-0.521
EbC20 0.864 0.637-NC Linear Interpolation
(ICPIN)
EbC50 >1.18 NC
NOEC ~1.18* NC Equal variance t Two
Sample
NC = Not calculated
LCL = Lower confidence limit
UCL = Upper confidence limit
* 25% inhibition is considered to be natural variation, and therefore, it is not considered a significant effect if 25% inhibition is observed, therefore, as yield and area under curve resulted in 26.9% and 25.0% inhibition, respectively it was considered that the NOEC for these end-points were close to 1.18 mg/L. As these are secondary end-points this was not considered to impact on the study integrity.
Reference
Range-finder test
Key results from the range-finding test are summarised in the attached table 1.
At the start of the test, the control and each test concentration were observed to be colourless solutions. At 72 hours, the control and each test concentrations were observed to be green, non-homogenous hazy dispersions of algal cells.
Chemical analysis was not conducted during the range-finder test.
The results of the range-finding test suggested that the 72-hour EC50 values for yield, specific growth rate and area under the curve (biomass) were likely to be greater than 100% saturated solution.
Definitive Test
Chemical Analysis
The results of the chemical analysis are presented in the attached table 2. Example chromatograms of test samples, standard solution and a typical calibration line are presented in the attached Appendix 4. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3 mg/L.
Environmental Conditions
The results of the environmental conditions and pH determined during the test are presented in the attached table 3.
The light intensity was measured at the start and end of the test; 6715 Lux at the start and 7325 Lux at the end of the test (mean of two readings carried out at each time point).
Test Media Descriptions
The freshly prepared test media at 0 hours appeared as colourless solutions.
The appearance of the test media following the 72-hour exposure period are summarised in the table below.
Chart 1. Test media descriptions at the end of the definitive test
Nominal Concentrations (% saturated solution) Colour of inoculated test medium State of test medium
Control green Non-homogenous hazy dispersion of algal cells
100 green Non-homogenous hazy dispersion of algal cells
Growth Test
Individual replicate data for cell density and mean treatment cell density are presented in the attached table 4. Results of the growth test, as specific growth rate, area under curve and yield are presented in the attached table 5 to table 7.
Growth curves of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata exposure to the test item are presented in the attached Figure 1.
Description of key information
Based on mean measured concentrations, the 72-hour EyC50, EbC50 and ErC50 values were calculated to be > 1.18 mg/L, respectively.
The corresponding NOEC values for yield, biomass and specific growth rate after 72 hours were ~1.18 mg/L, ~1.18 mg/L and 1.18 mg/L, respectively.
The 72 hour ErC10 value was calculated to be >1.18 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1.18 mg/L
Additional information
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