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EC number: 607-858-0 | CAS number: 260781-16-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-08-04 to 2016-10-25
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (2011)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- (2016, Commission Regulation (EU) No 2016/266)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- signed 2015-12-16
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All concentrations, with exception of the lowest concentrations (1:320), were analysed and samples were taken of fresh and the 72-h old media at test start and test end
- Sampling method: duplicate samples of all concentrations
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: samples were stored at about 20 °C until analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: 150.8 mg test item was dispersed in 1500 mL test water, followed by 24 hours of intensive stirring at room temperature in the dark. After stirring, the suspension was filtered (0.45 µm membrane filter Whatman, NC45).
- Controls: yes, test water only - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 61.81 SAG
- Source: cultivated at the laboratory
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: same as test conditions
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.15 mmol/L (= 15 mg/L as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 23 °C
- pH:
- 7.3 - 8.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: Control, Dilution 1:320, 1:100, 1:32, 1:10, 1:3.2, Undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L
Arithmetic mean measured concentration:- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 75 mL Erlenmeyer flask filled with 30 mL
- Type: coverd with glass lid
- Initial cells density: 5000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 165.6 x 10E+04 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, AAP medium
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: sterile purified water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 24 h/d light
- Light intensity and quality: 68 µE / m2 • s (range 66 to 70 µE / m2 • s)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter (Cell Counter CASY TT, Germany)
- Other: shape and size were visulally inspected
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: Dilution 1:2, 1:20 and 1:200
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 %-CI: 18 - 23 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 %-CI: 5.3 - 10 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 %-CI: 6.1 - 7.3 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 %-CI: 1.4 - 2.0 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.55 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 1.0 mg/L after 72 hours (July 2016)- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 72-hour EC values for the inhibition of average growth rate and yield and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Probit Analysis using linear maximum likelihood regression. For the determination of the LOEC and NOEC, the average growth rate and yield at the test concentrations were compared to the control values by Williams t-test. Statistical analysis was performed using ToxRat Professional.
Calculated arithmetic mean measured concentrations
Treatment /
DilutionAnalytical Measured Concentration
of the Test Item
[mg/L]Mean Measured Concentration (Arithmetic Mean)
[mg/L]
0 hours
72 hours
Dilution 1:320
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Dilution 1:100
0.601
0.499
0.55
Dilution 1:32
2.04
1.76
1.9
Dilution 1:10
6.44
6.21
6.3
Dilution 1:3.2
21.2
20.7
21
Undiluted Filtrate°
67.2
66.3
67
°: Undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L
n.a.: Not analyzed since below NOEC determined in this test
Rounded biomass results obtained by calculation using the exact raw data
Treatment/Dilution
Mean Measured Concentration
(mg/L)
Repl.
No.
Biomass of Algae*
24 hours
48 hours
72 hours
Control
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.9
4.2
4.9
5.4
4.5
4.8
28.5
29.9
30.0
29.3
29.1
31.2
159.0
158.7
173.1
170.8
162.3
169.5
Mean
SD
4.8
0.4
29.7
0.9
165.6
6.3
1:320
n.a.
1
2
3
4.2
4.4
3.5
27.2
28.7
26.2
155.1
154.8
151.1
Mean
SD
4.0
0.5
27.4
1.3
153.7
2.2
1:100
0.55
1
2
3
3.6
3.8
4.0
28.7
27.5
29.1
167.7
165.1
167.8
Mean
SD
3.8
0.2
28.4
0.9
166.8
1.5
1:32
1.9
1
2
3
3.5
4.1
3.6
27.6
25.4
23.3
151.1
129.4
126.2
Mean
SD
3.7
0.3
25.4
2.2
135.5
13.5
1:10
6.3
1
2
3
4.6
4.1
3.1
20.0
19.6
18.7
102.7
95.0
93.2
Mean
SD
3.9
0.7
19.4
0.6
97.0
5.1
1:3.2
21
1
2
3
2.2
0.9
0.9
5.9
2.3
3.1
29.3
7.7
12.7
Mean
SD
1.3
0.8
3.8
1.9
16.5
11.3
Undiluted
Filtrate°
67
1
2
3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
Mean
SD
0.3
0.03
0.3
0.09
0.3
0.11
°: Undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L.
SD: Standard deviation
*: The biomass was determined by fluorescence measurement (mean of duplicate measurements per replicate) and is given as relative fluorescence units (x 104). At the start of the test, the initial cell density was 5000 algal cells/mL, corresponding to 1.0 x 104 relative fluorescence units.
Average Growth Rates (µ)
Treatment/
Dilution
Mean Measured Concentration
(mg/L)
Average Growth Rate µ (day-1) and Inhibition of µ (Ir)
0-24 h
0-48 h
0-72 h
µ
Ir(%)
µ
Ir(%)
µ
Ir(%)
Control
1:320
1:100
1:32
1:10
1:3.2
Undilut. Filtrate°
--
n.a.
0.55
1.9
6.3
21
67
1.555
1.379
1.328
1.312
1.350
0.185*
-1.238*
0.0
11.3
14.6
15.6
13.2
88.1
179.6
1.691
1.651
1.670
1.613
1.479*
0.619*
-0.596*
0.0
2.4
1.2
4.6
12.5
63.4
135.2
1.700
1.676
1.703
1.633
1.522*
0.882
-0.479*
0.0
1.5
-0.2
4.0
10.5
48.2
128.2
°: Undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L.
*: Mean value statistically significantly lower than in the control (according to a Williams t-test one-sided smaller,α= 0.05).
Note: Percentage inhibition values in excess of 100% are obtained when the biomass at the end of the interval is lower than at the start of the interval.
Yield (Y)
Treatment/
Dilution
Mean Measured Concentration
(mg/L)
Yield Y (x 104) and Inhibition of Y (Iy)
0-24 h
0-48 h
0-72 h
Y
Iy(%)
Y
Iy(%)
Y
Iy(%)
Control
1:320
1:100
1:32
1:10
1:3.2
Undilut. Filtrate°
--
n.a.
0.55
1.9
6.3
21
67
3.8
3.0*
2.8*
2.7*
2.9*
0.3*
-0.7*
0.0
20.2
25.9
27.4
22.5
91.3
118.9
28.7
26.4*
27.4*
24.4*
18.4*
2.8*
-0.7*
0.0
8.0
4.3
14.8
35.8
90.4
102.4
164.6
152.7
165.8
134.5*
95.9*
15.5*
-0.8*
0.0
7.2
-0.8
18.2
41.7
90.6
100.5
°: Undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L.
*: Mean value statistically significantly lower than in the control (according to a Williams t-test one-sided
smaller,α= 0.05).
Note: Percentage inhibition values in excess of 100% are obtained when the biomass at the end of the interval is lower than at the start of the interval.
Section-by-Section Growth Rates
Treatment/
Dilution
Mean Measured Concentration
(mg/L)
Section-by-Section Growth Rates (day-1) and
inhibition of Growth Rates (Ir)
0-24 h
0-48 h
0-72 h
µ
Ir(%)
µ
Ir(%)
µ
Ir(%)
Control
1:320
1:100
1:32
1:10
1:3.2
Undilut. Filtrate°
--
n.a.
0.55
1.9
6.3
21
67
1.555
1.379
1.328
1.312
1.350
0.185
-1.238
0.0
11.3
14.6
15.6
13.2
88.1
179.6
1.827
1.922
2.012
1.914
1.608
1.053
0.047
0.0
-5.2
-10.1
-4.8
12.0
42.2
97.5
1.719
1.726
1.769
1.673
1.607
1.407
-0.245
0.0
-0.4
-2.9
2.7
6.5
18.1
114.3
°: Undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L.
Note: Percentage inhibition values in excess of 100% are obtained when the biomass at the end of the interval is lower than at the start of the interval.
Analytical Results
Sampling
Day / Age of Sample (d/h)
Treatment/
Dilution
Measured
Concentration
Of test Item
x
(mg/L)
Sample
Preparation
Factor
F
Determined
Concentration
Of Test Item
c
(mg/L)
% of Initially Measured Concentration
(%)
0/0
(fresh)
Control
1:100
1:32
1:3.2
Undiluted Filtrate (a)
n.d.
3.01
10.2
32.2
106
336
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
<LOQ
0.601
2.04
6.44
21.2
67.2
3/72
(aged)
Control
1:100
1:32
1:3.2
Undiluted Filtrate (a)
n.d.
2.50
8.82
31.0
103
332
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
<LOQ
0.499
1.76
6.21
20.7
66.3
n.a.
83
87
96
98
99
n.d. = no test item detected
n.a. = not applicable
LOQ = 0.2 mg test item /L
(a)=undiluted filtrate of an equilibrated test item suspension with a loading rate of 100 mg/L
The tabulated values of the samples represent rounded results obtained by calculation using the exact raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The impact of the test item on the growth of the freshwater green algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined as follows:
72h-ErC10 (growth rate) = 8.0 mg/L
72h-ErC50 (growth rate) = 21 mg/L
NOEC (growth rate) = 1.9 mg/L
All effect concentrations are based on arithmetic mean measured concentrations of the test item. However, the recovery rates are within the range of 80-120 %.- Executive summary:
The impact of the test item on the growth of the freshwater green algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was investigated in a 72-hour static test according to the OECD Guideline 201 (2006, corrected 2011) and the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 2016/266 C3, 2016. Due to the low water solubility (<100 mg/L) of the test item, the test media were prepared following the filtration method: The test item was mixed in test water at a loading rate of 100 mg/L, and was intensively stirred for 24 hours. After stirring the suspension was filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter. The undiluted filtrate and the dilutions 1:3.2, 1:10, 1:32, 1:100 and 1:320 of the filtrate were used as test media. Additionally, a control (test water without test item) was tested in parallel. The preparation of the test media was based on the OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures, 2000. The analytical measurements from test media at the start of the test showed the correct preparation of the test media, i.e. the theoretical spacing factor of about 3.2 between the different test concentrations was met. At the end of the test, 83 to 99 % of the initially measured concentrations were found. Thus, the test item was stable over the test period of 72 hours. Therefore, mean measured concentrations were calculated as the arithmetic mean of the concentrations measured at the start and the end of the test. The 72-hour ErC10 (growth rate) was determined to be 8.0 mg/L with a 95 % convidence interval of 5.3 and 10 mg/L and the 72-hour ErC50 (growth rate) resulted in 21 mg/L (95 %-CI: 18 - 23 mg/L).
Reference
Description of key information
The impact of the test item on the growth of the freshwater green algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined as follows:
72h-ErC10 (growth rate) = 8.0 mg/L
72h-ErC50 (growth rate) = 21 mg/L
NOEC (growth rate) = 1.9 mg/L
All effect concentrations are based on arithmetic mean measured concentrations of the test item.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 21 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 8 mg/L
Additional information
The impact of the test item on the growth of the freshwater green algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was investigated in a 72-hour static test according to the OECD Guideline 201 (2006, corrected 2011) and the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 2016/266 C3, 2016. Due to the low water solubility (<100 mg/L) of the test item, the test media were prepared following the filtration method: The test item was mixed in test water at a loading rate of 100 mg/L, and was intensively stirred for 24 hours. After stirring the suspension was filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter. The undiluted filtrate and the dilutions 1:3.2, 1:10, 1:32, 1:100 and 1:320 of the filtrate were used as test media. Additionally, a control (test water without test item) was tested in parallel. The preparation of the test media was based on the OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures, 2000. The analytical measurements from test media at the start of the test showed the correct preparation of the test media, i.e. the theoretical spacing factor of about 3.2 between the different test concentrations was met. At the end of the test, 83 to 99 % of the initially measured concentrations were found. Thus, the test item was stable over the test period of 72 hours. Therefore, mean measured concentrations were calculated as the arithmetic mean of the concentrations measured at the start and the end of the test. The 72-hour ErC10 (growth rate) was determined to be 8.0 mg/L with a 95 % convidence interval of 5.3 and 10 mg/L and the 72-hour ErC50 (growth rate) resulted in 21 mg/L (95 %-CI: 18 - 23 mg/L).
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