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EC number: 269-284-3 | CAS number: 68214-04-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- the purity and composition of the substance tested are not characterized, therefore it can not be excluded that the effects are caused by an impurity
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chlorotriazine Reactive Azo Red 120 Textile Dye Induces Micronuclei in Fish
- Author:
- Kabil Al-Sabti
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 47, 149}155 (2000)
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- other: in vivo micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hexasodium 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis[imino(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl)imino]]bis[5-hydroxy-6-[(2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate]
- EC Number:
- 269-284-3
- EC Name:
- Hexasodium 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis[imino(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl)imino]]bis[5-hydroxy-6-[(2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate]
- Cas Number:
- 68214-04-0
- Molecular formula:
- C44H24Cl2N14Na6O20S6
- IUPAC Name:
- hexasodium 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis[imino(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl)imino]]bis[5-hydroxy-6-[(2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2,7-disulphonate]
- Details on test material:
- no details provided (structure depicted in the publication)
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: fish
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Species: Prussian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio,
- Source: Ribe Maribor Fish farm, in Race near Maribor in Slovenia
- Length at study initiation: 12 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 100 g
- Feeding: witheld 2 days before start of treatment, fed during the test
- Water: fresh water
- Acclimation period: 7 days at a population density of 100 specimens in a 400 L tank with well-aerated nonchlorinated water at 15°C and pH 7
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: no data
Administration / exposure
- Vehicle:
- none
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- exposure for 9 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- continuously (concentrations were assessed photometrically and the concentration was adjusted when necessary to maintain it constant)
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 other: mg/L nominal
- Dose / conc.:
- 5 other: mg/L nominal
- Dose / conc.:
- 10 other: mg/L nominal
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 7 fish/concentration
- Control animals:
- yes
- Positive control(s):
- 10 ppm benzene
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- erythrocytes
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Before blood sampling, fish were tagged by cutting one or a combination of two fins to enable blood to be sampledfrom the same fish specimen at 3, 6, and 9 days (time response) while exposed to the same concentration of CRARD-120 and from both negative and positive control groups. Blood samples for the smears were obtained by caudal vein puncture of the same fish specimen at three intervals, and slides were prepared by the fish micronucleated erythrocyte method (Al-Sabti, 1986). From each fish, two slides were prepared. After fixation in pure ethanol for 20 min, the prepared slides were left to air dry, and then the smears were stained with 5% Giemsa solution for 20 min. The slides were examined by light microscopy (Opton, Germany) under an oil immersion lens. Scoring of coded slides was done "blind.'' Only erythrocyte cells that were
isolated from surrounding cells were scored, and MNs were enumerated only if they were distinct from the two nuclei. One thousand erythrocytes per specimen for each slide (2000 per two slides) were analyzed in the subsequent treatments to determine the frequency of cells with one or two micronuclei. - Statistics:
- method of Becker et al. (mean and SD)
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Micronuclei were elevated not only in a dose-dependent (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) but also in a time-dependent (3, 6, and 9 days) manner, compared with the negative (tap water) and positive (10 ppm benzene) control groups.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Test group |
day |
Number of fish |
Micronuclei per 1000 Fish Erythrocytes |
control |
3 |
5 |
4.7±0.6 |
benzene |
3 |
7 |
8.36±0.35 |
1 mg/L |
3 |
6 |
9.8±2.1 |
5 mg/L |
3 |
7 |
16.1±2.1 |
10 mg/L |
3 |
6 |
19.3±1.0 |
control |
6 |
5 |
5.2±0.3 |
benzene |
6 |
7 |
15.07±0.56 |
1 mg/L |
6 |
6 |
12.3±1.1 |
5 mg/L |
6 |
7 |
18.9±1.4 |
10 mg/L |
6 |
6 |
22.8±0.8 |
control |
9 |
5 |
6.2±0.4 |
benzene |
9 |
7 |
24.2±0.7 |
1 mg/L |
9 |
6 |
15.5±1.2 |
5 mg/L |
9 |
7 |
20.6±1.7 |
10 mg/L |
9 |
6 |
24.6±1.4 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test the substance induced micronuclei in erythrocytes of fish
- Executive summary:
Micronucleus induction in fish erythrocytes was used to study the risk to aquatic ecosystems due to the genotoxicity of Chlorotriazine Reactive Azo Red 120 textile dye. The frequencies of micronuclei were studied for three low doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/L and blood sampling was carried out on the same 5sh after 3, 6, and 9 days. It was found that micronuclei increased not only in a dose-dependent manner but also in a time-dependent way, compared with negative (tap water) and positive (10 ppm benzene) control groups. There was also a slight, time-dependent increase in erythrocyte micronuclei of the control fish specimens.
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