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EC number: 931-468-2 | CAS number: 1190625-94-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
No toxicokinetic studies are available that directly address absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of C14-16-18 Alkyl phenol (EC Number: 931-468-2) following oral administration; however information is available from existing toxicology studies and the physical chemical properties to infer potential toxicokinetic properties.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 50
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 50
- Absorption rate - inhalation (%):
- 100
Additional information
C14-16-18 Alkyl phenol (EC Number: 931-468-2) is a Substance of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or Biological materials(UVCB substance) in which the linear alkyl chain ranges between C14-18, with prevalent substituent being C16, followed by C18 and C14. It is a slightly viscous, clear amber liquid at room temperature, poorly soluble in water (0.026 mg/L) and with a LogPOW value greater than 7.2. The molecular weight of its major constituents ranges between 290-347 g/mol and its vapour pressure is low (4.8 x 10-3 Pa at 20°C).
Absorption
Oral
In an acute oral toxicity study performed according to theAcute Toxic Class Method, no mortality was observed within the 2 groups of animals treated at 2000 mg/kg bw, and only signs of unspecific toxicity or discomfort (hunched posture and piloerection) were observed up to 2 days after dosing. In repeated-dose oral toxicity studies (i.e. a 28-day study and an OECD 421 study), performed by gavage at dosages up to 300 mg/kg bw/day, no treatment-related mortality occurred. Signs of irritation at the portal-of-entry were noted as an irregular surface of the forestomach at necropsy, and subepithelial granulocytic inflammation and/or hyperkeratosis and/or submucosal oedema noted at histopathology. In the 28-day toxicity study, some indications of liver involvement were noted as increases in liver weight and slight changes in clinical biochemistry parameters (i. e. higher alanine aminotransferase, lower total protein and cholesterol level) at the high dose level only. Alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in some individual animals only. Although there was no morphological evidence of liver damage, the higher alanine aminotransferase activity and the increase in liver weight were considered to reach adversity at 300 mg/kg/day. Given the physical form, molecular weights that are generally suitable to absorption, the low water solubility and high liposolubility, micellar solubilisation may play a significant role.
Considering the substance as a whole, moderate oral absorption (50%) is considered appropriate and will be used for risk assessment purposes.
Inhalation
Because the substance is a slightly viscous, clear amber liquid and has a low vapour pressure, it is unlikely to form aerosols, droplets or particles of inhalable size during its normal uses. However, some absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract has been evidenced, and also in the case of inhalation exposure micellar solubilisation may play a significant role.
In the absence ofquantitative information, complete absorption (100%) following inhalation is assumed for the purposes of risk assessment.
Dermal
The substance is a skin sensitizer; signs of local irritation also extending to areas adjacent to the treated site were observed during the observation period following application for 24 hours in the acute dermal toxicity study. Both these properties can enhance penetration however, the poor water solubility and high LogPOW value all indicate that absorption through the skin would be limited. In the acute dermal toxicity study signs of systemic toxicity (lethargy, flat posture, shallow respiration, chromodacryorrhoea (snout) and/or ptosis) were also noted between days 1 and 3, thus suggesting that some absorption occurred. As dermal absorption cannot be more than oral absorption, the same value of 50% is assumed for the purposes of risk assessment.
Distribution
Once absorbed, it can be expected that the substance will be distributed within the body by the chylomicrons and/or bound to serum albumin and widely distributed. The high log Powvalue suggests a higher concentration inside the cells, especially those of fatty and adipose tissues, rather than in the extracellular compartment.
Metabolism and excretion
The material did not biodegrade in and OECD 301B ready biodegradation study. Extensive metabolism and cleavage is unlikely. Direct sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugations are detoxifying mechanisms that represent the bulk of phenol metabolism; in addition, oxidation by liver cytochromes to hydroquinone or catechol metabolites, which also can undergo conjugation reactions, represents an additional minor metabolic pathway. Conjugated products will be excreted mainly in the urine. Any unchanged material will be excreted via the faeces; based on the molecular weightbetween 290-347 g/mol, excretion via the bile is also likely to occur.
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