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EC number: 200-815-3 | CAS number: 74-85-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, near guideline study, published in peer reviewed literature, limitations in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment.
- Justification for type of information:
- N/A
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- only a single bacterial strain was used.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Modified Ames assay reported.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: Modified Ames test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ethylene
- EC Number:
- 200-815-3
- EC Name:
- Ethylene
- Cas Number:
- 74-85-1
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4
- IUPAC Name:
- ethene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ethene
- Physical state: gas
- Source: AGA Specialgas, Stockholm
- Analytical purity: 99.5%
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- not specified
Method
- Target gene:
- not specified
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor-induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0.5-20% (up to 200,000 ppm)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- not specified
Controls
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 1 µg benzo(a)pyrene and 1 µg 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- with and without metabolic activation
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- EXPOSURE SYSTEM
- Dynamic flow-through exposure system
- Ethene (ethylene): diluted with air in a mixing chamber to 0.5-20% concentration. The gas was passed into an exposure chamber containing 3 bacterial plates and out to the ventilation system through a carbon filter. The internal air of the exposure chamber was kept at 34°C.
- The air and gases are dry, but the atmosphere in the exposure chamber becomes saturated with water (~85% humidity) due to the humidity of the agar plates.
- IR-detection was used to analytically measure the concentration of ethylene within each cylinder.
- Measurements of the gas concentrations were calculated from the gas concentration in the cylinder and from the dilution factors.
- No actual measurement of the gas concentrations during mutagenicity experiments was performed.
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
- 0.1 mL of a 14 hr (overnight) bacterial culture was mixed with 0.5 mL phosphate buffer or a metabolic activation system (0.5 mL S9-mix, containing 20 µL S9) in 2 mL soft agar containing traces of biotine and histidine. This was poured onto minimal glucose agar plates. When the agar was solid, three plates (without lids) were placed in the exposure chamber, and three control plates (with lids) were placed in the 37°C incubator. Three flow rates were used, 250, 500, and 1000 mL/min.
- After 6 or 7 hours exposure to the gas stream, the bacteria plates were removed from the exposure chamber and placed in the incubator. Some experiments were performed with longer exposure times.
- The number of revertant colonies was counted after 48-60 hr.
- Control experiments: bacteria plates exposed to pure air in the exposure chamber for 6-7 hr prior to incubation. - Rationale for test conditions:
- not specified
- Evaluation criteria:
- Toxicity was assessed by examination of the background lawn of bacteria: sparse background growth on the plate was classed as slightly toxic and a very sparse background growth indicated toxicity.
- Statistics:
- As the number of spontaneous revertants can vary from day to day variation and only one dose was tested per day, the increase in the number of revertants on exposed plates compared to non-exposed plates was computed for each dose.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- 1 µg benzo(a)pyrene and 1 µg 2-nitrofluorene gave approximately 740 and 500 revertants per plate with and without S9, respectively.
- Remarks on result:
- other: not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
The mean increment of revertants from control experiments (n=8) was ~37%±17% due to mutagenic contaminants in the compressed air or to enhanced growth that would also result in the production of more spontaneous mutants. No mutagenic effect was demonstrated with ethylene concentrations up to 20% in air when tested with flow rates of 250, 500, and 1000 mL/min for 7 hours with or without metabolic activation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results:
negative with metabolic activation
negative without metabolic activation
Ethylene is not mutagenic when tested at concentrations of 0.5 to 20% in air for 7 hours in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. - Executive summary:
A dynamic flow-through exposure system was designed for mutagenicity studies of gaseous substances, including ethylene. Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 was used to test ethylene concentrations from 0.5 to 20% in air with flow rates of 250, 500, and 1000 mL/min. Exposure was 7 hours with and without metabolic activation.
No mutagenic effects were demonstrated with or without metabolic activation.
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