Reaction mass of pentasodium 2-{[4-chloro-6-(ethyl{3-[(2-sulfonatoethyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino}-5-hydroxy-6-({2-sulfonato-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl)naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate and tetrasodium 2-[(4-chloro-6-{ethyl[3-(vinylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino}-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-5-hydroxy-6-({2-sulfonato-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl)naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16 January 2006 to 28 March 2006

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identity: FAT 40824/A
Batch: Red ROE 805 BOP 04/05
Appearance: dark red powder
Purity: Organic part (Na-salt): approx. 82 %; Main component 1 : approx. 36.2 %; Main component 2: approx. 27.5 %; Oligomers: 10%
Expiration date: 01 October 2010
Stability in water: Max. 7 days at room temperature
Solubility in water: >100g/Lat20°C
Storage: At room temperature at about 20 °C, in a desiccator because test substance is hygroscopic, away from direct sunlight

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted

Details on inoculum:

The aerobic activated sludge was from a wastewater treatment plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater.
The sludge was washed twice with tap water by centrifugation.
The final sludge suspension was dried and weighed to calculate the ratio of wet to dry weight.
Prior to use, the sludge was diluted with test water to a concentration of 1 g dry weight per liter . And this diluted activated sludge was used as inoculume to give a final concentration of 30 mg dry material per liter.

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

102 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

This study included five different treatment groups and they were test item, inoculum control, procedure control, abiotic control and toxicity control.
The test flasks were incubated under continuous stiring and darkness.
Test temperature: 22 °C

Reference substance:

benzoic acid, sodium salt

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

0

Sampling time:

28 d

Details on results:

The BOD of the test item was in the normal range found for the inoculum controls throughout the study period of 28 days.

Parameter:

BOD5

Value:

0 mg O2/g test mat.

Parameter:

COD

Value:

0.934 mg O2/g test mat.

Results with reference substance:

At the end of the test, the reference item was degraded by an average of 99 %.

The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the test item FAT 40824/A in the test media was in the normal range found for the inoculum controls throughout the study period of 28 days. Consequently, FAT 40824/A was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days. No degradation of the test item occurred in the abiotic control under the test conditions within 28 days.

 

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND AFTER 5 DAYS (BOD5)

After five days of exposure, a very low oxygen consumption in the normal range of the inoculum controls was determined in the two flasks containing the test item FAT 40824/A.

Thus, the BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand after five days) can be stated as follows:

 

BOD5 = 0 mg O2/mg test item

 

BIODEGRADATION OF THE REFERENCE ITEM

The percent biodégradation of the reference item sodium benzoate was calculated based on the theoretical oxygen demand of 1.67 mg O2/mg (ThOD; see Sections 2.4.2 and 2.5).

 

In the procedure controls, the reference item was degraded by an average of 94% by Exposure Day 14, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge. At the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), the reference item was degraded by an average of 99%.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

not readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

The test item was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days.

Executive summary:

In a GLP compliant study, FAT 40824/A was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a manometric respirometry test over 28 days according to EL) Commission Directive 92/69 EEC, C.4-D (1992) and OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 301 F (1992). The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the test item FAT 40824/A in the test media was in the normal range found for the inoculum controls throughout the 28-day exposure period.

Consequently, FAT 40824/A was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days. No degradation of the test item occurred in the abiotic control under the test conditions within 28 days.

In the toxicity control, containing both FAT 40824/A and the reference item sodium benzoate, no inhibitory effect on the biodégradation of the reference item was determined. Thus, FAT 40824/A had no inhibitory effect on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration of 102 mg/L.

In the procedure controls, the reference item sodium benzoate was degraded by an average of 94% by Exposure Day 14, and reached an average biodégradation of 99% by the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge.

 

BOD5 of FAT 40824/A:

The BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand after five days) was recorded based on the EU Commission Directive 92/69 EEC, C.5, Degradation: Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 1992. After five days of exposure, a very low oxygen consumption in the normal range of the inoculum controls was determined in the two flasks containing the test item FAT 40824/A.

Thus, the BOD5 was 0 mg O2/mg test item

 

COD of FAT 40824/A:

The COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the test item FAT 40824/A was determined according to the EU Commission Directive 92/69 EEC, C.6 following DIN 38414-S9.

COD = 0.934 mg O2/mg test item

Reference 2

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

06 February 2006 to 02 May 2006

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.9 (Biodegradation: Zahn-Wellens Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identity: FAT 40824/A
Batch: Red ROE 805 BOP 04/05
Appearance: dark red powder
Purity: Organic part (Na-salt): approx. 82 %; Main component 1 : approx. 36.2 %; Main component 2: approx. 27.5 %; Oligomers: 10%
Expiration date: 01 October 2010
Stability in water: Max. 7 days at room temperature
Solubility in water: >100g/Lat20°C
Storage: At room temperature at about 20 °C, in a desiccator because test substance is hygroscopic, away from direct sunlight

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted

Details on inoculum:

The aerobic activated sludge was from a wastewater treatment plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater.
The sludge was washed twice with tap water by centrifugation.
The final sludge suspension was dried and weighed to calculate the ratio of wet to dry weight.
Dilute activated with test water to abtain a final concentration of 300 mg dry material per liter.

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

341 mg/L

Based on:

DOC

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

DOC removal

Details on study design:

This study included five different treatment groups and they were test item, inoculum control, procedure control, abiotic control and toxicity control.
The test flasks were incubated under continuous stiring and darkness.
Test temperature: 23-25 °C

Reference substance:

diethylene glycol

Preliminary study:

No data

Test performance:

No data

Parameter:

% degradation (DOC removal)

Value:

8

Sampling time:

28 d

Details on results:

In the test flasks, containing the test item and sludge, the mean concentration of DOC sightly decreased from 94 mg/L to 86 mg/L during the exposure period of 28 days. Expressed as percentage DOC removal, a mean of 8 % was noted by the end of the test.

Results with reference substance:

The reference item was completely degraded within the first seven days of exposure, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge.

DEGRADATION OF THE TEST ITEM

In the test flasks, containing the test item FAT 40824/A and activated sludge (inoculum), the mean concentration of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) slightly decreased from 94 mg/L to 86 mg/L during the exposure period of 28 days. Expressed as percentage DOC removal, a mean of 8% was noted by the end of the test (Day 28). As a result, FAT 40824/A was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days, because the mean percentage DOC removal was <10% by the end of the test (Day 28).

No DOC removal was observed during the first three hours of exposure, which is an indication that the test item did not adsorb on the activated sludge (inoculum).

No significant elimination of the test item occurred in the abiotic control under the test conditions within 28 days.

 

DEGRADATION OF THE REFERENCE ITEM

In the procedure controls, containing the reference item diethylene glycol and activated sludge (inoculum), the reference item was completely degraded within the first seven days of exposure, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge.

 

DEGRADATION IN THE TOXICITY CONTROL

In the toxicity control, containing the test item (corresponding to 48% of total DOC), the reference item (corresponding to 52% of total DOC) and activated sludge (inoculum), the initial DOC concentration of 189.6 mg/L measured on Day 0 (after three hours) rapidly decreased by 51% within the first 14 days of exposure. Thus, the test item was not inhibitory to activated sludge at the tested concentration of 341 mg/L, because degradation was >35% within 14 days of incubation (based on the test guidelines).

 

MEASUREMENT OF pH, OXYGEN AND TEMPERATURE

During the test, the pH was kept in the range 7.0 - 7.6 with a diluted sodium hydroxide solution.

During the test, the oxygen concentration was in the range 7.1 - 8.5 mg/L.

During the test, the temperature was in the range 23 - 25 °C.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

not inherently biodegradable

Conclusions:

The test item was not inherently biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days (8% biodegradation observed). And the test item was not inhibitory to activated sludge at the concentration of 341 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In a GLP compliant study, FAT 40824/A was investigated for its potential (inherent) ultimate biodegradability in a Zahn-Wellens / EMPA test over 28 days, based on the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 302 B (1992) and the EU Commission Directive 88/302/EEC, Part C.9 (1988).

In the test flasks, containing the test item FAT 40824/A and activated sludge (inoculum), the mean concentration of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) slightly decreased from 94 mg/L to 86 mg/L during the exposure period of 28 days. Expressed as percentage DOC removal, a mean of 8% was noted by the end of the test (Day 28). As a result, FAT 40824/A was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days, because the mean percentage DOC removal was <10% by the end of the test (Day 28).

 

No DOC removal was observed during the first three hours of exposure, which is an indication that the test item did not adsorb on the activated sludge.

The reference item diethylene glycol was ultimately and completely degraded within the first seven days of exposure, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge.

 

In the abiotic control, containing the test item and poisoned mineral medium, no significant degradation was noted after 28 days of exposure (based on DOC measurements). In the toxicity control, containing the test item, the reference item diethylene glycol and activated sludge (inoculum), the initial DOC decreased by 51% within 14 days of exposure.

 

Thus, FAT 40824/A was not inhibitory to activated sludge at the tested concentration of 341 mg/L, because degradation was >35% within 14 days (based on the test guidelines).

Description of key information

The test substance is not readily nor inherently biodegradable.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

not biodegradable

Type of water:

freshwater

Additional information

In a GLP compliant study, FAT 40824/A was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a manometric respirometry test over 28 days according to EL) Commission Directive 92/69 EEC, C.4-D (1992) and OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 301 F (1992). The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the test item FAT 40824/A in the test media was in the normal range found for the inoculum controls throughout the 28-day exposure period.

Consequently, FAT 40824/A was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days. No degradation of the test item occurred in the abiotic control under the test conditions within 28 days.

In the toxicity control, containing both FAT 40824/A and the reference item sodium benzoate, no inhibitory effect on the biodégradation of the reference item was determined. Thus, FAT 40824/A had no inhibitory effect on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration of 102 mg/L.

In the procedure controls, the reference item sodium benzoate was degraded by an average of 94% by Exposure Day 14, and reached an average biodégradation of 99% by the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge.

 

The test item FAT 40824/A was investigated for its inherent biodegradability in a Zahn-Wellens/EMPA test over 28 days, based on the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No.302B (1992) and the EU Commission Directive 88/302/EEC, Part C.9 (1988).

In the test flasks, containing the test item and sludge, the mean concentration of DOC slightly decreased from 94 mg/L to 86 mg/L during the exposure period of 28 days. Expressed as percentage DOC removal, a mean of 8 % was noted by the end of the test. So the test item was not inherently biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days.

 

By the nature of their design and use, textile dyes are not intended to be readily biodegradable as this would assist in the rapid destruction of the dyestuff, rendering it unfit for purpose. There are ISO, European, American (AATCC) and national standards for the colour fastness of dyes. Dyes are required to have specific fastness properties. If the dyes were biodegradable, it would not be possible for them to have these fastness properties. As such, it is accepted that such substances are not readily biodegradable under relevant environmental conditions. A published study (Pagga & Brown, 1986) describes the results of the testing of 87 dyestuffs in short-term aerobic biodegradation tests. The authors of this publication concluded that dyestuffs are very unlikely to show any significant biodegradation in such tests and that 'there seems little point in carrying out such test procedures’ on dyestuffs.