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EC number: 215-270-7 | CAS number: 1317-39-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (Refer to 'Principles of Method')
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Compliance with OECD Test Guideline 404 (adopted 24 April 2002) was checked. The following information was not included in the study report:
• The technique of patch site preparation,
• The method used to remove residual test substance,
• Details of test animals (source; age of animals at the start of the study; number of animals of each sex; individual animal weight at the start and
conclusion of the test),
• The rationale for in vivo testing,
• Test substance purity,
• Scores after 48 h are not presented.
These deviations however are not considered to have influenced the outcome or the integrity of the study. - GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dicopper oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-270-7
- EC Name:
- Dicopper oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1317-39-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cu2O
- IUPAC Name:
- copper (I) oxide
- Details on test material:
- Lot/batch number: Not available.
Description: An orange fine crystalline powder (inscription on bottle: 84.5 p.c Cu.)
Purity: From information provided, assumed to be 84.5%.
Stability: Not available.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Source: No information provided.
Sex: No information provided.
Age at study initiation: Age not provided.
Weight at study initiation: Animals weighed about 3.0 kg.
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: Irritation of both abraded and intact skin was investigated.
- Vehicle:
- water
- Remarks:
- Test 1: Water. Test 2: Tylose.
- Controls:
- other: Treated and untreated skin sites in the same animals were compared.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Amount of test substance applied: 0.5 ml.
Concentration in vehicle: Not reported.
Total volume applied: Not reported. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Duration of exposure: 4 hours.
- Observation period:
- Postexposure period: 7 days.
- Number of animals:
- Number of animals per group: 10 rabbits were used (5 in each test).
- Details on study design:
- Preparation of test substance: The report indicates that “0.5 ml of the test substance was applied with gauze squares of the size of 2.5 x 2.5 cm on the skin”.
The following information is also given:
Test 1 (5 animals): the substance was tested undiluted as a paste (applied as a powder and wetted with water 1:1).
Test 2 (5 animals): the substance was tested as a 10 % suspension in Tylose.
Occlusion: The gauze patches were fixed with the help of adhesive plaster (assumed to be semi-occlusive).
Removal of test substance: The method to remove residual test substances is not given.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- (Intact skin).
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for 5 animals
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- other: no effect
- Remarks on result:
- other: No reading was taken at 48 hours.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- (Intact skin).
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for 5 animals
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- other: no effect
- Remarks on result:
- other: No reading was taken at 48 hours.
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- (Intact skin).
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for 5 animals
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- other: no effect
- Remarks on result:
- other: No reading was taken at 48 hours.
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- (Intact skin).
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for 5 animals
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- other: no effect
- Remarks on result:
- other: No reading was taken at 48 hours.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Reversibility: Slight erythema observed in the abraded skin of two animals receiving 0.5g of cuprous oxide at the 24 hour reading had resolved by 72 hours.
Overall result: Slight erythema was observed in the abraded skin of 2/5 animals receiving 0.5 g of cuprous oxide moistened with water at the 24 hour reading only.
No dermal irritation was seen on the intact test sites of any of the ten rabbits tested, at any time-point.
Refer to Table 1 and Table 2 below for dermal irritation scores. Table 1. Dermal irritation scores (Cuprous oxide - wetted 1:1 with water).
Response |
|
Animal number |
|||||||||
Erythema |
Reading |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|||||
I |
A |
I |
A |
I |
A |
I |
A |
I |
A |
||
24 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
72 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mean scores (24 and 72 h) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Oedema |
24 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
72 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mean scores (24 and 72 h) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
I = Intact, A = Abraded
Table 2. Dermal irritation scores (Cuprous oxide - 10% suspension in Tylose).
Response |
|
Animal number |
|||||||||
Erythema |
Reading |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|||||
I |
A |
I |
A |
I |
A |
I |
A |
I |
A |
||
24 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
72 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mean scores (24 and 72 h) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Oedema |
24 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
72 h |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7 days |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mean scores (24and 72 h) |
0 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
I = Intact, A = Abraded
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- A single 4-hour, semi-occluded application of the undiluted test substance to the intact skin of five rabbits produced no evidence of skin irritation.
In this study, cuprous oxide did not meet the criteria for classification for dermal irritation according to Annex VI of Commission Directive 2001/59/EC. - Executive summary:
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted according to GLP. A number of deviations from OECD Test Guideline 404 'Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion' (adopted 24 April 2002) occurred. These deviations are not considered to have influenced the outcome or the integrity of the study.
Test 1: An amount of 0.5 g of cuprous oxide, moistened with water, was applied to the shaven, intact or abraded dorsal skin of 5 New Zealand White rabbits under a semi occlusive bandage.
Test 2: A ten percent suspension of cuprous oxide in Tylose (the volume is unclear from the report), was applied to the shaven, intact or abraded dorsal skin of 5 New Zealand White rabbits under a semi occlusive bandage.
After a 4 h exposure period the bandages were removed and residual test substance was removed. The study report indicates that local reactions were evaluated after 1 hour, and every 24 hours thereafter up to 7 days. However, only scores after 24h, 72h, and 7 days are presented.
Results and Discussion:
Sight erythema, was observed in the abraded skin of 2/5 animals receiving0.5 g of cuprous oxide moistened with waterat the 24 hour reading only.
No dermal irritation was seen on the intact test sites of any of the ten rabbits tested, at any time-point.
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