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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 212-751-3 | CAS number: 866-81-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- A Cross-Sectional study of Pulmonary Function Among Workers Exposed to Multimetals in the Glass Bangle Industry
- Author:
- Rastogi, S. K. et al.
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- American Journal of Industrial Medicine 20: 391-399
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cross sectional study
- Endpoint addressed:
- respiratory sensitisation
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Spirometric lung functions were evaluated in 220 asymptomatic glass bangle workers exposed to the salts of various heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, maganese, cobalt, cadmium, and selenium, which are used as coloring agents in the manufacture of glass bangles.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): cobalt (salts)
- Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Details on study design:
- In the present investigation, pulmonary function data of 220 workers asymptomatic glass bangle workers and 88 controls were presented; those glass bangle workers suffering from various respiratory ailments, such as tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma, and those who were not occupationally exposed to multimetals were excluded from this investigation.
The controls, drawn from a nearby area worked in a variety of nondusty jobs. The socioeconomic and ethnic strata of the controls were similar to those of the glass bangle workers. The exposed workers and the controls had no history of cardiorespiratory symptoms and disease.The glass bangle workers had a mean exposure of 12.2 ± 9.4 years. Nearly one half of the glass bangle workers and the controls were smokers. - Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Statistical methods:
- Student´s t-test was used to analyse the significant differences of means of lung function values between the exposed and the control groups. The homogeneity of variance was tested before applying the t-test. The respiratory impairment rates between the exposed and the controls were tested by the chi-square test. A direct method of standardising overall respiratory impairment after adjusting for smoking habits was used accroding to Armitage 1983.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The glass bangle workers, irrespective of smoking habit, had significant decrements in peripheral flow rates, despite normal spirometry. This finding suggested that the metallic dusts caused pulmonary reaction initiated in the small airways, which may represent the initial stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the peripheral airways. It was also observed that the glass bangle workers exposed for a longer period (>10 years) had a higher prevalence of overall respiratory impairment than did their counterparts exposed for lesser periods (<10 years), even after adjusting for smoking habits. The data indicate that exposure to heavy metals per se was the etiological factor for the pulmonary disturbance among exposed workers.
- Confounding factors:
- Tobacco smoking played an additive role, since smoking glass bangle workers showed greater reduction in lung function values as compared with those observed in non-smoking workers. Apart from smoking, there are also a number of putative risk factors for the development of peripheral airways obstruction which include occupational and environmental factors, such as exposure to dust and gases and air pollution.
- Strengths and weaknesses:
- The findings show that these multimetals , even in low concentration, cause respiratory problems. However, it is difficult to say whether respiratory changes are brought about by individual metals or whether the combined effect of exposure to a number of metals and their interaction caused respiratory changes in the exposed glass bangle workers. It is also not known whether this particular combination of metals, as observed in this industry, exerts a synergistic or an antagonistic action.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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