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EC number: 200-306-6 | CAS number: 57-00-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- July 2011
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 105 (Water Solubility)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : pH value at which the measurements were conducted is not reported
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The water solubility von Creatine monohydrate and creatine (water-free) were compared with each other.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Other quality assurance:
- ISO/IEC 17025 (General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories)
- Type of method:
- flask method
- Key result
- Water solubility:
- 15.8 g/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Incubation duration:
- 24 h
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: Water solubility of Creatine monohydrate. No information available at which pH the measurement was conducted
- Key result
- Water solubility:
- 15.1 g/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Incubation duration:
- 48 h
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Remarks on result:
- other: Water solubility of Creatine. No information available at which pH the measurement was conducted
- Details on results:
- After 24 h the creatine concentration does not change anymore in the Creatine monohydrate sample. The water solubility is reported as the mean of the 24 h, 48 h and 72 h value.
In the sample of water free creatine the creatine concentration does not change after 48 h anymore. The water solubility is reported as the mean of the 48 h and 72 h value. - Conclusions:
- Based on the result of this study the water solubility of creatine and creatine monohydrate is comparable with each other. Both are very soluble (> 10000 mg/l) in water.
- Executive summary:
The water solublility of Creatine and Creatine Monohydrate was determined according the OECD guideline 105. The solubility of Creatine Monohydrate in water is 15.8 g/l and 15.1 g/L for Creatine (water-free), respectively. Therefore both are very soluble (>10000 mg/l).
Besides that the rate of dissolution and dissolution heat were determined. These parameter were also comparable for Creatine and Creatine Monohydrate.
Rate of dissolution:
Creatine monohydrate: 12 min 41 s
Creatine (water free): 14 min, 59 s
Dissolution heat (see Table 2): exothermic dissolution.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Remarks:
- Value is published in Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB). However, the temperature that is related to the value of the water solubility is not reported.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: no guiedeline reported
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Information on the exact test method is not available. The water solubility of creatine (peer-reviewed value) from the "Handbook of aqueous solubility data" is cited in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: no method reported
- Water solubility:
- 13.3 g/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Temperature that relates to the value of the water solubility is not reported.
- Details on results:
- No details available (> citation in HSDB).
- Conclusions:
- The water solubility of creatine is reported to be 13,3 g/L.
- Executive summary:
The water solubility of creatine as reported in the "Handbook of aqueous solubility" and cited in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is 13,3 g/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Creatine and Creatinine concentration
Stirring time |
Analyte |
Sample A (Creatine Monohydrate) |
Sample B (water-free Creatine) |
|
|
Concentration [g/L] |
Concentration [g/L] |
1 h |
Creatine |
14.163 |
13.692 |
|
Creatinine |
2.63 |
12.3 |
24 h |
Creatine |
15.951 |
14.177 |
|
Creatinine |
29.4 |
36.3 |
48 h |
Creatine |
15.527 |
14.912 |
|
Creatinine |
57.4 |
59.2 |
72 h |
Creatine |
15.911 |
15.325 |
|
Creatinine |
87.0 |
85.3 |
Besides the water solubility the rate of dissolving and the dissolution heat of creatine and creatine monohydrate was measured and compared with each other.
Rate of dissolution:
Creatine monohydrate: 12 min 41 s
Creatine (water free): 14 min, 59 s
Table 2: Dissolution heat
Time of stirring |
Sample A (Creatine monohydrate) |
Sample B (Creatine water-free) |
0 |
20 |
20 |
1 |
20 |
20.5 |
2 |
21 |
21 |
3 |
21 |
21.5 |
4 |
21.5 |
21.5 |
5 |
21.5 |
22 |
10 |
21.5 |
22.5 |
15 |
22 |
23 |
30 |
22.5 |
23.5 |
45 |
23.5 |
24 |
60 |
24 |
24.5 |
Description of key information
Information for creatine is available from the "Handbook of aqueous solubility data"
(as cited in the Hazardous Substances Data Base). The 2003 Safety Data Sheet form Degussa cites a value for creatine monohydrate, from which a value for the analogue creatine can be calculated. Furthermore the water solubility of creatine and creatine monohydrate were determined in a study according the OECD guideline 105 (Stroot, 2011). It is reported to be 15.1 g/L for Creatine and 15.8 g/L for Creatine monohydrate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Water solubility:
- 15.1 g/L
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Additional information
The water solubility of creatine as reported in the "Handbook of aqueous solubility" and cited in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is 13.3 g/L. However, the temperature that is related to the value of the water solubility is not reported.
The water solubility of creapure (creatine monohydrate) of 14 g/L is reported in the Degussa Safety Data Sheet (SDS) from 2003. In a read-across approach the water solubility of creatine was calculated based on the value for creatine monohydrate. The calculated water solubility of creatine is approx. 12.3 g/L.
Besides that the water solubility of Creatine and Creatine monohydrate was determined in a study according the OECD guideline 105 (Stroot, 2011). It is reported to be 15.1 g/L for Creatine and 15.8 g/L for Creatine monohydrate.
Creatine is manufactured by drying of creatine monohydrate. The only difference between creatine and creatine monohydrate is the water content of the substances. Creatine (C4H9N3O2) does not contain water molecules, whereas creatine monohydrate contains one water molecule per substance molecule (C4H9N3O2 x H2O). When dissolved in water, there is no chemical difference between creatine monohydrate and creatine. Therefore, the approach of calculating the water solubility of creatine from the water solubility of creatine monohydrate is considered to be valid.
The results of both sources are scientifically in line. As both values are above 10000 mg/l water, creatine can be classified as very soluble.
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