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EC number: 910-853-9 | CAS number: 8011-63-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Already evaluated by the Competent Authorities for Biocides and Existing Substance Regulations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxicity of copper to the collembolan Folsomia fimetaria in relation to the age of soil contamination
- Author:
- Pedersen, M.B. & Van Gestel, C.A.M.
- Year:
- 2 001
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 49, 54-59
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effect of aging of copper contaminated soils (between 1 day and 12 weeks) on the reproduction of collembolan species was investigated.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper sulphate
- EC Number:
- 231-847-6
- EC Name:
- Copper sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 7758-98-7
- Molecular formula:
- CuSO4
- IUPAC Name:
- Copper(II) sulfate
- Details on test material:
- IUCLID4 Test substance: other TS: Cu2+ as delivered as copper sulphate
TS-Freetext:
No specific data are supplied on the source or purity of the
test substance
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- at Tend
Test substrate
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Substrate type: other: natural sand clay soil, 4mm sieved. pH (H2O) 6.7, Clay 13.8%, OM 4.5%, background Cu concentration: 19 mg/kg dw, CEC 15.6
cmol/kg
Equilibration time: 1-84 days
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Folsomia fimetaria
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- the collembolan culture originated from the Mols laboratory, Aarhus.
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 6.7
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 12h/12h light/dark photoperiod
- Details on test conditions:
- test were performed with 20 adults per container for each treatment and using 8 replicates. 15 mg Bakers' yeast was applied on small plastic disks.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 8 added test concentrations: between 100 and 3200 mg/kg + 1 control (0 mg/kg)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 688 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 776 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 888 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 648 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- dose-response relationships were established by SAS procedure NLIN, Gauss-Newton method, applying the log-log model for the determination of the EC10 and EC50
Any other information on results incl. tables
RS-Freetext:
Extractable Copper Fractions:
The measured total soil copper concentrations were
significantly related to nominal soil copper concentrations
(R2 = 0.99, P < 0.0001, slope of regression line = 0.91).
All calculations were based on these measured values.
The pH of the CaC12 extracts of spiked soils varied between
6.3 and 4.7, with the highest values in the controls and the
lowest in the soils with the highest copper concentrations.
pH did not change during the experiment.
For spiked soils, the concentration of copper extractable
with 0.01 M CaCl2 increased with increasing total soil
copper concentrations (Fig. 1). CaCl2 extractability was not
significantly affected by aging period (P = 0.99), whereas
total soil copper had a highly significant effect on
extractability (P = O.U001), as the extractable fraction
increased with increasing total soil copper concentrations,
from 0.2% to a maximum of 31%. In soil from the contaminated
field site, CaCl2-extractable copper concentrations also
increased with increasing total soil copper concentrations,
but at a much lower rate than for spiked soil (Fig. 1). The
percentage of copper extractable with CaCl2 increased
slightly with total copper, but never exceeded 0.8% of the
total copper concentration in soil from the contaminated
field site.
In spiked soil, DTPA-extractable soil copper concentrations
were linearly related to total soil copper (R2 = 0.99, P =
0.0001). The percentage of total soil copper extractable by
DTPA was independent of total soil copper (P = 0.32), with a
mean value of 85%. Aging period had no significant effect on
the extractable percentage either (P = 0.6). For field soil,
DTPA extractable copper concentrations increased less with
increasing total soil copper concentrations than for spiked
soil (Fig. 1). Expressed as a percentage of total soil
copper, DTPA extractability increased from ca. 40% at the
lowest copper levels to ca. 55% at 500 mg total Cu/kg soil,
but then remained fairly constant when total soil copper
increased further.
Effects of Soil Copper and Aging Period on F fumetaria:
Adult survival in copper-spiked soil was 16-19 animals on
average, out of the 20 animals added. At soil copper
concentrations of 2400 and 3200 mg/kg, a slight decrease was
seen compared with controls. Adult survival was unaffected
by aging periods of 1 day-12 weeks (P = 0.3).
Reproduction in spiked soil decreased with increasing soil
copper concentrations (Fig. 2). A significant interactive
effect of aging period and total soil copper concentration
was detected (P = 0.01). The two separate factors were also
significant in the analysis of variance (P = 0.0025 and P =
0.0001 for aging and total copper concentration). The Tukey
comparisons identified significant differences in
reproduction between low and high soil copper
concentrations, but generally no differences between aging
periods, and no clear tendency in mean reproduction
concerning aging period. The general NOEC value for
reproduction was 800 mg/kg, and the LOEC, 1200 mg/kg. EC10
values for reproduction in soils of different aging period
ranged between 700 and 950 mg Cu/kg soil, and EC50 values,
between 1300 and 1850 mg/kg, but there was no clear
relationship between EC values and aging period (Table 1).
Effect values based on CaC12-extractable soil copper
revealed the same pattern as values based on total soil
copper (Table 1). Results based on DTPA-extractable soil
copper are not included, since this copper fraction
constituted a rather constant percentage of the total soil
copper (Fig. 1).
Juvenile size was less sensitive to soil copper than
reproduction, with EC1O values ranging from 1240 to 1900
mg/kg. The applied copper concentrations never resulted in
more than 50% reduction in juvenile size. An interactive
effect of aging period and copper concentrations was
detected (P = 0.0001), and significant effects of both aging
period and soil copper concentrations on juvenile size were
indicated (P = 0.0001 and P = 0,01). However, no clear trend
in the EC10 values was seen concerning the effects of aging
period.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Good quality study. EC10 data for F. fimetaria were used for the PNEC derivation. Reliable added EC10 values range from 688 to 888 mg Cu/kg
- Executive summary:
CL-Freetext:
Increasing the time between mixing copper into the test soil
and exposing the collembolans up to 12 weeks was not a very
useful approach when trying to obtain more field-like
conditions in laboratory test systems. Expressing toxicity
as function of CaCl2-extractable copper rather than as
function of total soil copper strongly decreased the
differences between dose-response curves for spiked soil and
field soil. From the fact that CaCl2-extractable copper in
field-contaminated soil never reached the level where large
effects were seen in spiked soil, it may be predicted that
there are no direct effects of copper on F. fimetaria at the
field site. However, it should be noted that field studies
at the contaminated site have found that F. fimetaria was
virtually absent from soil containing more than 1000-1500 mg
Cu/kg. Thus, copper effects on factors such as food
availability, competition, and climatic conditions may cause
indirect effects on the collembolans at lower copper
concentrations than the direct copper effects.
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