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EC number: 215-268-6 | CAS number: 1317-37-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
As laid out in the endpoint summaries for the aquatic toxicity and the terrestrial toxicology, there is no evidence that iron sulfide might have a relevant adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Both OECD and US EPA came to the conclusion that iron salts in general are of low priority for further work (OECD 2007) and that no adverse effects can be expected from iron salts (US-EPA 1993). Information from other iron salts indicate that the toxicity of iron salts (OECD 2007 and US-EPA 1993) starts at concentration significantly higher than the water solubility of iron sulfide. This assessment is supported by the finding of Wallen et al 1957 (As cited in the ECOTOX database on Ferrous sulfide (1317-37 -9) Available from, as of September 21, 2004:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm) who reported an LC50 of > 10000 mg iron sulfide/L for fish.
Based on the natural occurrence of iron sulfide in aquatic ecosystems, lack of toxic effects during sediment dredging and dumping (OSPAR 2009, a calculation on the translocated amounts of iron sulfide by sediment dumping is aquatic toxicity endpoint summary) and the (limited) experimental information confirming the non-toxic characteristics of iron sulfide on aquatic organisms it is concluded that the available data are sufficient to demonstrate that there is no risk associated with iron sulfide for the aquatic ecosystems.
Iron sulfide is a natural occurring mineral. When iron sulfide is added to the surface of the soil, e.g., as sludge from sewage treatment plants according to EEC directive 86/278/EEC it will be oxidized within short time. Depending on the buffering capacity of the soil, the sulfate will be neutralized in the soil pore water of the pH might decline. US EPA came to the conclusion that no adverse effects can be expected from iron salts (US-EPA 1993) and the OECD stated that iron salts are of low priority. Iron sulfide was not among the substances investigated in these assessments. But due to the oxidation of iron sulfide to iron sulfate, this is also true for iron sulfide. In terrestrial ecosystems, iron salts are used as fertilizers. For example iron sulfate is registered as fertilizer in Europe (Regulation 2003/2003/EEC) and the USA. Consequently, no terrestrial studies were needed and the studies were waived as scientifically unjustified.
Based on this assessment it is sufficiently unlikely that anthropogenic iron sulfide will have adverse effects on the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and hence classification is not needed.
Further information is provided in the read across justification (see chapter 13).
Conclusion on classification
Due to the low toxicity no classification is needed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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