Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 205-410-5 | CAS number: 140-29-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1998-12-15 to 1999-03-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phenylacetonitrile
- EC Number:
- 205-410-5
- EC Name:
- Phenylacetonitrile
- Cas Number:
- 140-29-4
- Molecular formula:
- C8H7N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-phenylacetonitrile
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cyanure de benzyl
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.5 %
- Purity test date: 1998-11-25
- Lot/batch No.: CAL 4990/98
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: January 2000
- Storage condition of test material: dry, cool and well ventilated place
No further data
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- No relevant
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- lymphocytes: primary culture
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Three experiments:
- Sixteen concentrations from 15.65 µg/mL to 1171 µg/mL with spacing factors less than 0.6.
- Twelve concentrations from 49.46 µg/mL to 1171 µg/mL with spacing factors less than 0.6.
- Fourteen concentrations from 297.6 µg/mL to 1171 µg/mL with spacing factors less than 0.6. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: No
No further data
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- Remarks:
- Migrated to IUCLID6: and cyclophosphamide
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 48 hr
- Exposure duration:
Experiment 1: 3 hr +/- S-9
Experiment 2: without S-9 29 hr, with 3 hr
Experiment 3: 3 hr with S-9, no test without S-9
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells):
Experiments 1, 2 and 3: 20 hr +/- S-9
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 160 out 200 initially scheduled
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index, 50 % inhibition
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: yes
No further data - Evaluation criteria:
- - Proportion of cells with structural aberrations at one or more concentration exceed the noraml rnage in both replicate and
- a stastically significant increase in the proportion of cells with structural aberrations (ecluding gaps) occurs at such doses - Statistics:
- Yes Fisher's esxact test
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- lymphocytes: prmiary culture of three healthy women
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of osmolality: no impact
- Precipitation: precipitates were osberved from the 494 µg/mL concentration
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: chromosome aberrations were within the normal rangte for the negative controls
No further information - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
ambiguous with metabolic activation at the highest tested concentration
In the test conditions, the authors concluded that phenylacetonitrile induced chromosome aberrations in cultured hulman peripheral blood lymphocytes. The effect was only observed in the presence of phenobarbitone and beta-naphthoflavone induced S-9 at the highest tested concentration (10mM). Thus, since the highest concentration is at the limit of cytotoxic effects and since at this concentration precipitates were observed, results are considered ambiguous. - Executive summary:
The authors investigated the cytogenetic effects of benzyl cyanide (CAS n° 140 -29 -4) on a culture of human primary peripheral blood lymphocites based on the OECD methodology described in the OECD guideline 473. Three experiments were conducted to assess whether benzyl cyanide at concentrations up to 1171 µg/mL dissolved in DMSO would induce significant chromosomal aberrations with or without metabolic activation (S-9 mix). Aberrations were analyzed, scored and compared to historical levels for the DMSO. Postive controls were also included in the experiments as requested in the OECD guideline. For the experiments 2 and 3, the highest dose was selected based on the first experiment which settled the 10 mM value as a maximum value.
In the test conditions, the authors observed no differences in the experiment 1 were observed compared to the negative controls, structurally and numerically speaking.
In the experiment 2 and 3, the highest tested dose induced significant changes in chromosomal aberrations whenever metabolic activation was applied in both replicates. However, it is reported in all experiments that precipitates are observed in cultures treated at more than 494 µg/mL. Provided the elements above, all validation criteria were fulfilled:
- No evidence of significant heterogeneity between replicate cultures was obtained in the binomial dispersion test
- The proportion of cells with structural aberrations (excluding gaps) in negative controls cultures fell within the normal range
- at least 160 cells out of 200 were analysed at each dose level
- The positive controls induced statistically significant increases in the number of cells with structural aberrations
However even though these criteria are fulfilled it is not clear whether physical effects (i.e: precipitates) did not increase or decrease anyhow the apparent effects observed (e.g: changes in bioavailability of the product by degradation...). Hence the results presented above are considered ambiguous with metabolic activation. Without metabolic activation, benzyl cyanide is not considered to induce significant chromosomal aberrations.
Altogether this study is very well documented and respects the OECD guideline 473. All validity criteria are fulfilled and thus this study is considered as reliable without restrictions, a Klimisch 1.a study.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.