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EC number: 242-599-3 | CAS number: 18820-29-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-03-10 to 2010-04-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study was conducted according to GLP and to current guidelines. A single temperature during the range-finding test was observed to be slightly in excess of the range given in the protocol of 20 ± 1°C. This deviation was considered not to have affected the outcome or the validity of the test as the temperature range was within guideline specification.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Water samples were taken from the control (replicates R1 – R4 pooled) and the 100% v/v saturated solution test group (replicates R1 – R2 and R3 – R4 pooled) at 0 and 48 hours for quantitative analysis. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20°C for further analysis if necessary.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION:
- Method: The test concentration to be used in the definitive test was determined by a preliminary range-finding test. In the range-finding test Daphnia magna were exposed to a series of nominal test concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution.
An amount of test item (200 mg) was dispersed in 2 litres of reconstituted water with the aid of magnetic stirring at approximately 100 rpm for 48 hours. After 48 hours the stirring was stopped and any undissolved test item was removed by filtration through a 0.2 µm Gelman AcroCap filter (first approximate 500 mL discarded in order to pre-condition the filter) to give the 100% v/v saturated solution test concentration. A series of dilutions was made from this saturated solution to give further test concentrations of 10, 1.0 and 0.10% v/v saturated solution. Each prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity. A sample of the control and 100% v/v saturated solution were taken for chemical analysis at 0 hours to determine the concentration of manganese in the saturated solution
In the definitive test an amount of test item (250 mg) was dispersed in 2.5 litres of reconstituted water with the aid of magnetic stirring at approximately 100 rpm for 48 hours. After 48 hours the stirring was stopped and any undissolved test item was removed by filtration through a 0.2 µm Gelman AcroCap filter (first approximate 500 ml discarded in order to pre-condition the filter) to give the 100% v/v saturated solution test concentration (equivalent to a mean measured test item concentration of 6.1 mg/L). The concentration of the test item in the test preparations was verified by chemical analysis at 0 and 48 hours.
- Controls: The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item. A positive control (Harlan Laboratories Ltd Project No: 0039/1133) conducted approximately every six months used potassium dichromate as the reference item at concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L.
- Evidence of undissolved material: The test preparations were observed to be clear, colourless solutions throughout the duration of the test. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Source: in-house laboratory cultures
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 24 hours old
- Method of breeding: parthenogenesis
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions: the same as test conditions
- Type and amount of food: a suspension of algae (Chlorella sp.)
- Feeding frequency: daily - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO₃
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- 7.8± 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 9.4 mg O₂/L
- Salinity:
- not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentration: 100% v/v saturated solution
measured concentration: from 6.0 to 6.1 mg/L as test item, no decline in measured concentration was observed over the test period, therefore it was considered appropriate to calculate the results based on the mean measured test item concentration which was determined to be 6.1 mg/L as test item - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass jars containing approximately 200 mL of test preparation
- Type: open, covered to avoid evaporation
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water
- Conductivity: <5 µS cm-1
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted at a concentration of 100% v/v saturated solution to confirm that at the highest attainable test concentration no immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were observed.
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: In the range-finding test Daphnia magna were exposed to a series of nominal test concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution. Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted as a definitive study.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilisation was observed at the test concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v saturated solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 other: % v/v saturated solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 6.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- In the range-finding test no immobilisation was observed at the test concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution (results from the study are provided in Table 1). Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted. There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a test concentration of 100% v/v saturated solution for a period of 48 hours (results from the definitive test are given in Table 2). The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24 and 48 hours exposure was 100% v/v saturated solution (equivalent to a mean measured test item concentration of 6.1 mg/L). No other abnormalities in behaviour were observed.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 0.77 mg/L (sd = 0.20)
- NOEC: 0.32 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The slope and its standard error of the response curve at 24 hours was 7.7 (SE = 1.6). Due to the unsuitable nature of the data it was not possible to calculate the slope and error of response curve at 48 hours.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- 48-Hour EC50 was estimated to be greater than 6.1 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The short-term toxicity of the test material to aquatic invertebrates was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 and in compliance with GLP.
There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a test concentration of 100 % v/v saturated solution for a period of 48 hours. The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24- and 48-hours exposure was 100 % v/v saturated solution (equivalent to a mean measured test item concentration of 6.1 mg/L). No other abnormalities in behaviour were observed.
Under the conditions of the study the 48-Hour EC50 was estimated to be greater than 6.1 mg/L.
Reference
Results from range-finding test:
Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item during the range-finding test are given in Table 1. No immobilisation was observed at the test concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution.
Table 1 Cumulative Immobilisation Data in the Range-finding Test
Nominal |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia |
|
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0.10 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
Results from the definitive test:
Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item during the definitive test are given in Table 2.
There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a test concentration of 100% v/v saturated solution for a period of 48 hours. Inspection of the immobilisation data gave the following results:
Time (h) |
EC50(% v/v Saturated Solution) |
EC50(mg/L as test item) |
24 |
>100 |
>6.1 |
48 |
>100 |
>6.1 |
The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24 and 48 hours exposure was 100% v/v saturated solution (equivalent to a mean measured test item concentration of 6.1 mg/L). The No Observed Effect Concentration is based upon zero immobilisation at this concentration.
Table 2. Cumulative Immobilisation Data in the Definitive Test
Mean Measured Test Item |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia |
||||||
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
||||||
No. Per Replicate |
Total |
% |
No. Per Replicate |
Total |
% |
||
Control |
R1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
R2 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
R3 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
R4 |
0 |
0 |
||||
6.1 |
R1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
R2 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
R3 |
0 |
0 |
||||
|
R4 |
0 |
0 |
R1– R4= Replicates 1 to 4
Appendix 2 Physico-Chemical Measurements
Mean Measured Test Item Concentration |
0 Hours |
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
|||||||
pH |
mg O2/L |
%* |
T°C |
TºC |
pH |
mg O2/L |
%* |
T°C |
||
Control |
R1 |
7.8 |
9.4 |
101 |
19 |
21 |
7.8 |
9.0 |
101 |
21 |
|
R2 |
7.8 |
9.4 |
101 |
19 |
20 |
7.9 |
9.0 |
101 |
21 |
|
R3 |
7.8 |
9.4 |
101 |
19 |
21 |
7.9 |
8.8 |
99 |
21 |
|
R4 |
7.8 |
9.3 |
100 |
19 |
21 |
7.9 |
8.9 |
100 |
21 |
6.1 |
R1 |
7.7 |
8.5 |
96 |
21 |
21 |
7.8 |
8.9 |
98 |
20 |
R2 |
7.7 |
8.5 |
96 |
21 |
21 |
7.9 |
8.9 |
100 |
21 |
|
R3 |
7.7 |
8.5 |
96 |
21 |
20 |
7.9 |
8.8 |
97 |
20 |
|
R4 |
7.7 |
8.5 |
96 |
21 |
20 |
7.9 |
8.9 |
98 |
20 |
*ASV= Dissolved oxygen concentration expressed as a percentage of Air Saturation Value
R1– R4= Replicates 1 to 4
Description of key information
The 48-Hour EC50 was estimated to be greater than 6.1 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The short-term toxicity of the test material to aquatic invertebrates was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 and in compliance with GLP.
There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a test concentration of 100 % v/v saturated solution for a period of 48 hours. The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24- and 48-hours exposure was 100 % v/v saturated solution (equivalent to a mean measured test item concentration of 6.1 mg/L). No other abnormalities in behaviour were observed.
Under the conditions of the study the 48-Hour EC50 was estimated to be greater than 6.1 mg/L.
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