Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')vanadium

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

please refer to Read-across statement attached in section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

27.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Average resullt of 5 test runs.

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

23.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Average resullt of 5 test runs.

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Average resullt of 5 test runs.

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: NOLC

Remarks:

No Observed Lethal Concentration

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Average resullt of 5 test runs.

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No.
- Observations on body length and weight: No.
- Other biological observations: None
- Mortality of control: No.
- Other adverse effects control: Not observed.
- Abnormal responses: Not observed.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: Not relevant.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance investigated in this study.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The 48-h, 96-h, 168-h and 23-days LC50 and EC50 values are obtained using the graphical method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949).
Litchfield, J.T. and Wilcoxon, F. (1949): A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J Pharm Exp Ther 96, pp. 99-113.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Acute toxicity of sodium metavanadate to aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna was determined under static conditions. The study followed requirements of Guideline 84/449/EEC by Comission of the European Communities (Methods for determination of ecotoxicity). The values were converted to the target substance vanadium acetylacetonate (VAA). LC50 (48h) = 4.06 mg V/L (27.8 mg VAA/L), EC50 (48h) = 3.50 mg V/L (23.9 mg VAA/L), NOEC (48h) = 1.46 mg V/L (10 mg VAA/L), NOLC (No Observed Lethal Concentration, 48h) = 1.46 mg V/L (10 mg VAA/L).

Executive summary:

Acute toxicity of sodium metavanadate to aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna was determined under static conditions. The study followed requirements of Guideline 84/449/EEC by Comission of the European Communities (Methods for determination of ecotoxicity). The monitored end-points are mortality, as determined by lack of movement of antennae or post-abdominal claw on gentle prodding and complete immobilization as determined by unability of swimming for 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test container.

Toxicity parameter were determined after an exposure period of 48 hours. Beside LC50 also EC50, NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration with complete immobilization) and NOLC (No Observed Lethal concentrations) were calculated. In general, the measured vanadium concentrations correspond within 10% of the initial amount of the metal added to each test container. Therefore, all effect concentrations are reported in terms of the nominal vanadium concentrations. A control and at least five vanadium concentrations are selected on the basis of a logarithmic expansion. No details about tested concentration range reported.

Results: The values were converted to the target substance vanadium acetylacetonate (VAA). LC50 (48h) = 4.06 mg V/L (27.8 mg VAA/L), EC50 (48h) = 3.50 mg V/L (23.9 mg VAA/L), NOEC (48h) = 1.46 mg V/L (10 mg VAA/L), NOLC (No Observed Lethal Concentration, 48h) = 1.46 mg V/L (10 mg VAA/L) (all concentrations are average results of 5 test runs). Mortality continued during figh tests when the exposure time was prolonged to 7 days. This points to a slow rate of vanadium uptake by fish and a delay in the expression of toxicity.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Remarks:

Test with daphnid Ceriodaphnia reticulata

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

please refer to Read-across statement attached in section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

35.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: LC50 for Daphnia magna

Remarks:

Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 50 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: LC50 for Daphnia pulex

Remarks:

Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 50 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: LC50 for Ceriodaphnia reticulata

Remarks:

Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 50 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: LC50 for Simocephalus vetulus

Remarks:

Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No abnormalities observed.
- Observations on body length and weight: No such effects observed.
- Other biological observations: No other effects observed.
- Mortality of control: Control mortality was 20% or less in case of the compound 2,4 -pentandione (CAS No. 123-54-6).
- Other adverse effects control: No.
- Abnormal responses: No.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Only nominal results available.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: Not relevant for the test compound.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance investigated in this study. Nevertheless 13 chemical compounds were analysed at the same time for their toxicity to four species of cladocerans.

Generally though, the four tested daphnids species did not differ in response to the 13 chemical compounds by more than a factor of 2. These data suggest that none of the species are distinctly more sensitive.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

In an acute study with Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia reticulata and Simocephalus vetulus (i.e. four cladoceran species) the aquatic toxicity of 13 chemical compounds was investigated. The investigation was performed by US-EPA. Exposure duration was 48 h, static test conditions were implemented. The following LC50 values were revealed for 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6) with the Cladoceran species: Daphnia magna: LC50 (48h) = 35.4 mg/L, Daphnia pulex: LC50 (48h) = >50 mg/L, Ceriodaphnia reticulate: LC50 (48h) >50 mg/L and Simocephalus vetulus: LC50 (48h) >50 mg/L

Executive summary:

In an acute study with Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia reticulata and Simocephalus vetulus (i.e. four cladoceran species) the aquatic toxicity of 13 chemical compounds was investigated. The investigation was performed by US-EPA. The study was done to obtain information about the relative sensitivity of the four daphnid species. One of the compounds was Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4-pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6), a degradation product of Vanadium-(III)-acetylacetonate). Exposure duration was 48 h, static test conditions were implemented.

Water from Lake Superior (USA) was used for dilution purposes in this study. This water contained 50,000 to 100,000 bacterial cells per milliliter. These bacteria were available as a food source, making these tests different from acute tests done in sterile water without feeding.

Results: The following LC50 values were revealed for 2,4-pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6) with the Cladoceran species: Daphnia magna: LC50 (48h) = 35.4 mg/L, Daphnia pulex: LC50 (48h) = >50 mg/L, Ceriodaphnia reticulate: LC50 (48h) >50 mg/L and Simocephalus vetulus: LC50 (48h) >50 mg/L.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Remarks:

Marine benthic species: Crab (Carinus maenas), mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), annelid (Nereis diversicolor)

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

please refer to Read-across statement attached in section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

68.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Nereis diversicolor (annelid)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Key result

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

239.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Carcinus maenas (crab)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Key result

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

444.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

95.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Nereis diversicolor (annelid)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

> 683.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

element

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Carcinus maenas (crab)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

other: LC90

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

ca. 341.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Carcinus maenas (crab)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Duration:

9 d

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Remarks:

converted to VAA

Effect conc.:

> 683.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel)

Remarks:

for details on the calculation please refer to 'Overall remarks'

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: Not observed.
- Observations on body length and weight: Not observed.
- Other biological observations: None.
- Mortality of control: No.
- Other adverse effects control: No other adverse effects observed in control.
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Not observed.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: Not relevant.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance (positive control) investigated.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No statistical procedures applied for evaluation of results.

Considering the results from LC50 (9 days) experiments, the organisms, can be classified in the following decreasing order of sensitivity: Nereis diversicolor (10 mg/L), Carcinus maenas (35 mg/L), Mytilus galloprovincialis (65 mg/L).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity of vanadium as sodium metavanadate to following three benthic species was investigated: Carcinus maenas (crab), Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel) and Nereis diversicolor (annelid). Considering the results from LC50 (9 days) experiments, the organisms, can be classified in the following decreasing order of sensitivity: Nereis diversicolor (LC50 = 10 mg/L, LC100 = 14 mg/L), Carcinus maenas (LC50 = 35 mg/L, LC100 > 100 mg/L), Mytilus galloprovincialis (LC50 = 65 mg/L, LC100 > 100 mg/L).

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of vanadium as sodium metavanadate to following three benthic species was investigated: Carcinus maenas (crab), Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel) and Nereis diversicolor (annelid). The marine water used for this study had a natural background concentration of 1.7 µg/L vanadium. For the benthic species 10 concentration levels between 10 and 100 mg/L vanadium were applied.

Total exposure period was 9 days with daily evaluation of the aquatic toxicity. LC50 values (Lethal concentration of vanadium for 50% of population) were determined for the three species. Temperature of marine water was 14°C, salinity detection revealed a value of 38 per mille.

Origin of benthic organisms was the Mediterranean Sea. The test medium (marine water) was changed each 24 hours, i.e. semi-static conditions were implemented.

Results: In general, the phytoplankton species were found to be more sensitive than the benthic organisms used in the experiments. Considering the results from LC50 (9 days) experiments, the organisms, can be classified in the following decreasing order of sensitivity: Nereis diversicolor (LC50 = 10 mg/L; LC100 = 14 mg/L), Carcinus maenas (LC50 = 35 mg/L, LC100 > 100 mg/L), Mytilus galloprovincialis (LC50 = 65 mg/L, LC100 > 100 mg/L).

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

please refer to Read-across statement attached in section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

12 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Key result

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

40 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

90 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No such abnormalities reported.
- Observations on body length and weight: Information not available. No details reported.
- Other biological observations: None.
- Mortality of control: No relevant mortality of control observed.
- Other adverse effects control: None.
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: None

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes, potassium dichromate was used as reference substance.
- Relevant effect levels: Average EC50 value of 1.3 mg/L (observed range 0.9 to 1.9 mg/L).
- Limit test: No
- Dose-response test: Yes, EC50 = 1.3 mg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Calculation of EC50 values and respective confidence intervals according to the procedure descibed in: Litchfield, J.T. and Wilcoxon, F. (1949): A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharm, exper. Ther. Vol 96, pp. 99 -113.

The results of 183 pollutants have been listed in tables classified by substance groups. EC 50 values < 10 mg/L were detected for the following substances: ln the group of the loxicologicallv effective cations tested, the EC50 was: for Ag+ <0.01 mg/L, for Hg2+ and Cu2 + <0.1 mg/L, for Ti+ and Cd2+ < 1 mg/L. In the group of the loxicologically effective anions tested, the EC50 was: for (Cr2O7)2- < 1 mg/L, for CN-, J- and (SeO3)2 - < 10 mg/L, for S2 - and (AsO4)3- it was in the range of 10 mg/L. Further loxicologically effective inorganic substances such as H202 (30%) and N2H5OH (80%) had an EC50 < 10 mg/L. In the groups of the organic substances tested, the EC 50 for hydroquinone, 4-nonyl phenol and pentachlorphenol was <1 mg/L and < 10 mg/L for a range of further organis compounds.

Following results were determined for the compound Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione, CAS 123-54-6): EC0 (24 h) = 12 mg/L, EC50 (24 h) = 40 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 31-52 mg/L) , EC100 (24 h) = 90 mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

In a study with aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna under static conditions toxic effects of Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione, CAS 123-54-6) were investigated. The test was performed according a draft versionn of the national German Standard DIN 38412, Part II (1982). Following results were determined for the compound: EC0 (24 h) = 12 mg/L, EC50 (24 h) = 40 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 31-52 mg/L) , EC100 (24 h) = 90 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In a study with aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna under static conditions toxic effects of Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione, CAS 123-54-6) and further 182 chemical compounds were investigated. The test was performed according a draft versionn of the national German Standard DIN 38412, Part II (1982).

The standardized test strain Daphnia magna IRCHA served as test organism. The stock cultures were fed standardized dry algae. Testing of the toxic action of the water pollutants was performed in a chemically and physically defined standardized culture medium ('"artificial fresh water"), following the requirements of the mentioned guideline.

When evaluating the test results, the EC50 values of the substances tested were determined according to a mathematically standardized method. Beyond this, the toxicologically relevant range of the EC was determined bv establishing the EC0 and the EC100. The results of 183 pollutants have been listed in tables classified by substance groups.

Results: EC 50 values < 10 mg/L were detected for the following substances: ln the group of the loxicologicallv effective cations tested, the EC50 was: for Ag+ <0.01 mg/L, for Hg2+ and Cu2 + <0.1 mg/L, for Ti+ and Cd2+ < 1 mg/L. In the group of the loxicologically effective anions tested, the EC 50 was: for (Cr2O7)2- < 1 mg/L, for CN-, J- and (SeO3)2 - < 10 mg/L, for S2 - and (AsO4)3- it was in the range of 10 mg/L. Further loxicologically effective inorganic substances such as H202 (30%) and N2H5OH (80%) had an EC50 < 10 mg/L. In the groups of the organic substances tested, the EC 50 for hydroquinone, 4-nonyl phenol and pentachlorphenol was <1 mg/L and < 10 mg/L for a range of further organis compounds.

Following results were determined for the compound Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione, CAS 123-54-6): EC0 (24 h) = 12 mg/L, EC50 (24 h) = 40 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 31-52 mg/L) , EC100 (24 h) = 90 mg/L.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

please refer to Read-across statement attached in section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Only nominal test substance concentrations available.

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

45 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Key result

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

125 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: No such abnormalities reported.
- Observations on body length and weight: Information not available. No details reported.
- Other biological observations: None.
- Mortality of control: No relevant mortality of control observed.
- Other adverse effects control: None.
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: None

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance (positive control) investigated. Nevertheless, the study comprise investigation of about 170 chemical compounds for their acute toxicity to Daphnia magna. Hence the plausibility of results for the test compound could be compared with the observed toxicity of the other chemicals.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Calculation of LC50 values by regression analysis. No further staticical procedures applied to the results of this study.

Following results were determined for the compound Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione, CAS 123-54-6): LC0 (24 h) = 45 mg/L, LC50 (24 h) = 100 mg/L, LC100 (24 h) = 125 mg/L.

Within the range of 173 pollutants examined, the lowest LC50 values were determined for hydroquinone as well as for the effective ions of the metals Ag, Hg and Cu in the concentration range of 0.001 - < 0.1 mg/L. The LC50 of the effective ion of the compounds of Cd and CN examined, as well as of aniline and hydrazine hydroxide, was in the concentration range of 0.1 - < 1,0 mg/L. The LC50 for the effective ions of compounds of Cr, Ti, Pb und S, as well as for 2-ethyl hexyl amine, 2,3 -dinitro-toluene, salicyl-aldehyde, m-cresol, 4,6 -dinitro-o-cresol and benzyl-chloride, was in the concentration range of 1 to <10 mg/L. The LC50 of the majority of the pollutants examined was in the concentration range of 10 -1000 mg/L.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

In a study with aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna under static conditions toxic effects of Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione, CAS 123-54-6) were investigated. Following results were determined for the compound: LC0 (24 h) = 45 mg/L, LC50 (24 h) = 100 mg/L, LC100 (24 h) = 125 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The 24 hour LC50 values of 173 substances hazardous in water was determined by means of a standardized procedure using 24-h-old animals from a clone of Daphnia magna. The test was performed under static conditions. Mobile daphnids were counted after 24 h, i.e. ability of daphnids to swim after exposure to the chemicals was analyzed. At the same time, the LC0 and LC100 for each of these pollutants were determined. One of the investigated chemicals was Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123 -54 -6), a degradation product of Vanadium-(III)-acetylacetonate.

The test medium was tap water free from chlorine, saturated with oxygen, hardness 16° d.H.(German degrees), pH 7,6 - 7,7, temperature of 20° - 22°C.

Dilution series of the chemical compounds were prepared by dilution of 1:2 in a first step. If number of concentration levels between detected LC0 and LC100 values was below three, further dilutions were prepared (quotients equivalent to 1:1.3 and 1:1.1)

Results: Within the range of 173 pollutants examined, the lowest LC50 values were determined for hydroquinone as well as for the effective ions of the metals Ag, Hg and Cu in the concentration range of 0.001 - < 0.1 mg/L. The LC50 of the effective ion of the compounds of Cd and CN examined, as well as of aniline and hydrazine hydroxide, was in the concentration range of 0.1 - < 1,0 mg/L. The LC50 for the effective ions of compounds of Cr, Ti, Pb und S, as well as for 2-ethyl hexyl amine, 2,3 -dinitro-toluene, salicyl-aldehyde, m-cresol, 4,6 -dinitro-o-cresol and benzyl-chloride, was in the concentration range of 1 to <10 mg/L. The LC50 of the majority of the pollutants examined was in the concentration range of 10 -1000 mg/L.

Following results were determined for the compound Acetylacetone (CAS 123 -54 -6): LC0 (24 h) = 45 mg/L, LC50 (24 h) = 100 mg/L, LC100 (24 h) = 125 mg/L.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

please refer to Read-across statement attached in section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

47.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123 -54 -6)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities:
- Observations on body length and weight:
- Other biological observations:
- Mortality of control:
- Other adverse effects control:
- Abnormal responses:
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values:
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium:

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance was investigated. Nevertheless effects of 10 chemical compounds were analysed in this multiple-species study at the same time

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Median lethal concentration (LC50) values and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al., 1977). Comparisons of toxicities among chemicals were made after converting the LC50 values from mg/L to mol/L. Regression analyses were conducted using the BMDP program (Dixon and Brown, 1979) operating on a DEC PSP-11/70 (Digital Equipment Corporation) computer.

2,4-Pentanedione had a minimum LC50 of 48 mg/L for Daphnia magna and a maximum LC50 of 510 mg/L for crayfish. This chemical, which caused substantial behavioral disorders in fishes, had a mean LC50 of 115 mg/L for fishes (5 species),. with a range of 64 -178 mg/L. There are two general conclusions that can be drawn from our study. First, there is no consistent relative susceptibility, or orders of sensitivity, among these test species. Daphnia were often most sensitive. but for some chemicals were relatively insensitive-Crayfish were most often the least sensitive, yet were among the most sensitive organism to several chemicals. Second, if one were to define a mean toxicity by averaging the individual LC50 values, positive deviations from the mean toxicity tended to be much greater than negative deviations. This suggests that even though the variation in toxicity between any two species for any one chemical may be greater than a factor of five, the observed variation is likely attributable (o the chosen species being relatively insensitive to the action of the chemical rather than one of the species being much more sensitive than the mean sensitivity for all other species.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was tested under static conditions and 48 h exposure period. Detected concentrations were analytically verified. Result for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6): LC50 (48 h) for Daphnia magna = 47.6 mg/L (43.4 to 52.1 mg/L).

Executive summary:

This study was undertaken in co-operation with US-EPA to determine the relative acute toxicity of a variety of organic chemicals to a variety of freshwater animals under standardized test conditions, and for the purpose of determining to what extent a single species might be used as a surrogate for others. Among the chemicals investigated in this study was Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123 -54 -6) a degradation product of Vanadium-(III)-acetylacetonate).

The species tested included six fishes, two crustaceans, achironomid and an amphibian. Insofar as possible, similar laboratory testing procedures were used, including the same dilution water and identical analytical chemistry procedures for all tests on any one chemical.

Acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was tested under static conditions and 48 h exposure period. Tests on Daphnia were conducted on 0-24-h old neonates obtained from gravid females which were isolated from the stock colony 20-24 h prior to the start oreach test. Twenty Daphma were used for controls and tested at each toxicant concentration, five each in four beakers or jars. Dilution water for all tests, and water in which all animals were cultured prior to each test, was obtained from a ground water spring source. At the end of 48 h live and dead Daphnia were counted. Immobilized animals that showed respiratory or appendage movement were counted as live. The analytical part of this study was performed according to following guidelines: US-EPA (1974): Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. EPA-625/6-74-003 and APHA (1980): Standard Methods far die Examination of Water and Wastewater, 15th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. Each toxicant was analyzed at the beginning and at the end of each Daphnia test. At the start of each static test on Daphnia toxicants were analyzed from the stock solutions of each concentration.

Results for Acetylacetone (IUPAC name: 2,4 -pentandione; CAS No. 123-54-6): LC50 (48 h) for Daphnia magna = 47.6 mg/L (43.4 to 52.1 mg/L).

Description of key information

The parent compound Vanadium-tris-acetylacetonate is rapidly hydrolysed to 2,4 -pentanedione (CAS no. 123 -54 -6) and Vanadyl acetylacetonate (CAS no. 3153 -26 -2) in the presence of water (> 80% hydrolysis after 1h at pH 1.2, 4, 7 and 9). Hence, the half life is e.g. max. 1/48 of the test duration when put into aqueous test systems (e.g. daphnia (48 h test duration) or algae (72 h test duration) acute toxicity tests). Accordingly, the substance as such does not need to be tested in those systems and reliable data gained with the hydrolysis products 2,4-Pentadione (Cas no. 123-54-6) and Vanadyl acetylacetonate (3153-26-2) or comparable inorganic Vanadium compounds are used to adress the endpoint, which is entirely appropriate to draw conclusions on the toxicity of Vanadium-tris-acetylacetonate to aquatic invertebrates.

freshwater species

Daphnia magna, 2,4 -pentanedione, static, freshwater, LC50 (24 h) = 100 mg/L

Daphnia magna, 2,4 -pentanedione, static, freshwater, EC50 (24 h) = 40 mg/L

Daphnia magna, 2,4 -pentanedione, static, freshwater, EC50 (48 h) = 35.4 mg/L

Daphnia magna, 2,4 -pentanedione, static, freshwater, LC50 (48 h) = 47.6 mg/L

Daphnia magna, NaVO₃, static, freshwater, EC50 (48 h) = 3.5 mg V/L - VAA EC50 (48 h) = 23.9 mg VAA/L

marine species

Nereis diversicolor (annelid), NaVO₃, semi-static, salt water, LC50 (9 d) = 10 mg V/L - VAA LC50 (9 d) = 68.4 mg VAA/L

Carcinus maenas (crab), NaVO₃, semi-static, salt water, LC50 (9 d) = 35 mg V/L - VAA LC50 (9 d) = 239.3 mg VAA/L

Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel), NaVO₃, semi-static, salt water, LC50 (9 d) = 65 mg V/L - VAA LC50 (9 d) = 444.4 mg VAA/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

23.9 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

68.4 mg/L